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China: Economic indicators and trade with EU
This infographic provides an insight into the economic performance of China compared with the European Union (EU) and looks at the trade dynamics between them. China’s GDP growth per capita increased rapidly since the beginning of the series. The EU’s GDP per capita trend remained relatively stable, recording a slow but constant increase with the only exception in the years of the COVID-19 restrictions. Unemployment in China has been low and stable for the whole time series, and it never exceeded ...
India: Economic indicators and trade with EU
This infographic provides an insight into the economic performance of India compared with the EU, and looks at the trade dynamics between them. India’s unemployment rate had been decreasing gradually but steadily since 2006, before rising sharply in 2020, and then returning to the pre-2020 trend in 2022. Both foreign direct investment (FDI) and remittances have remained a relatively stable percentage of India’s gross domestic product (GDP), with slight fluctuations. Remittances to the EU have remained ...
Reconsidering the General Food Law
On 11 April 2018, the European Commission published a proposal to review the General Food Law Regulation and amend eight legislative acts dealing with specific food chain sectors. The proposal follows up on the European Citizens' Initiative on glyphosate; and especially on concerns regarding the transparency of the scientific studies used in the evaluation of pesticides. The proposal also responds to a fitness check of the General Food Law, completed in January 2018. The proposal's objective is to ...
Finding the right balance across EU FTAs: benefits and risks for EU economic sectors
Globally, anti-trade sentiment is on the rise, meaning it is incumbent upon policymakers to explore and explain the benefits of free and open trade. This study examines the costs and benefits of various free trade agreements (FTAs) that the EU has completed, will complete, or is contemplating. With regard to completed FTAs, the EU has seen benefits in terms of consumer choice but has a much larger and positive impact on its partners (although not as much as ex-ante modelling would suggest). For forthcoming ...
The EU - Japan Economic Partnership Agreement
This report independently assesses the EU-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement. We find that the EPA establishes an ambitious framework to further liberalise and better organise trade, covering goods, services, intellectual property and investment, tariff- and non-tariff measures, and regulatory cooperation. Given its depth and breadth, and that it is unprecedented in including provisions on corporate governance, SMEs, and climate change, the EPA is set to become a benchmark for future trade agreements ...
Directive 2011/7/EU on late payments in commercial transactions
Directive 2011/7/EU on late payments in commercial transactions (Late Payment Directive, (LPD)) strengthened European regulations first introduced in 2000 in favour of creditors. In addition to statutory interest, the application of which is still not automatic, maximum periods were established for payments in business-to-business transactions and those with public authorities, limiting contractual freedom, which is often abused by stronger companies. Following the largely correct transposition into ...
EU aid for trade: Taking stock and looking forward
Representing a third of global official development aid flows annually, aid for trade (AfT) has been on the rise. AfT has a very broad scope that includes projects ranging from building roads and modernising ports, to developing the banking sector, helping local food producers to comply with phytosanitary standards and providing more specific trade-related assistance, such as technical support in trade negotiations. Today, more than a decade after the launch in 2006 of the World Trade Organization's ...
Østasien
Asien er verdens største og folkerigeste kontinent og af stor geostrategisk betydning for EU. EU har tre strategiske partnere i Østasien: Kina, Japan og Republikken Korea. EU står over for sikkerhedsproblemer i regionen såsom den nukleare udfordring i Nordkorea og det omtvistede Sydkinesiske Hav. EU er en stærk økonomisk aktør og en vigtig udviklings- og bistandsyder, der arbejder for at fremme institutionsopbygning, demokrati, god regeringsførelse og menneskerettigheder.
Financial innovation and monetary policy: Challenges and prospects
This paper describes recent technological developments and their possible impact on monetary policy and financial stability. We find that privately issued digital currencies could transform the present financial system substantially, if they gain considerable market shares, while there may be a benefit from currency competition in disciplining monetary policy. The introduction of a central bank digital currency would also challenge the present fractional reserve system at its core and could finally ...
Impacts of the CETA Agreement on Developing Countries
With the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) negotiations concluded and subsequently signed by both parties, the European Union and Canada’s most progressive trade agreement to date is set to provisionally enter into force soon. However, as developed countries move to negotiate preferential trade agreements between themselves (like the CETA), extending beyond current multilateral trade obligations, the improved market access, trade harmonisation and cross-cutting issues included in ...