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Sodium-Nickel-Chloride (Na-NiCl2) batteries have risen as sustainable energy storage systems based on abundant (Na, Ni, Al) and non-critical raw materials. This study offers a general overview of this technology from its initial conceptualization, along with research and development perspectives and areas of use. Applications are for grid storage mainly due to the temperature of operation (275 – 350 °C). There is no critical issue on patent portfolio as the key IP is in the public domain. In addition ...

Plenary round-up – June II 2021

Lühitutvustus 25-06-2021

During the June II 2021 plenary session in Brussels, Parliament continued to debate and adopt programmes financed under the multiannual financial framework for 2021 2027, specifically this session in the areas of regional development, with the Common Provisions Regulation, European Territorial Cooperation Regulation, European Regional Development Fund and Cohesion Fund all finalised. Important debates on Council and European Commission statements were held, in particular on the preparation of the ...

Recent migration flows to the EU

Lühitutvustus 03-06-2021

This infographic aims to present the latest available data on migrant flows to the EU in the year 2020. It covers the detection of illegal crossings on the EU's external borders and numbers of deaths of migrants on those crossings. This Infographic updates and complements previous editions, the most recent of which was issued in April 2020 (PE 649.329).

In the first decade of the 21st century, loans denominated in or indexed to foreign currencies, in particular the Swiss franc, became very popular in a number of EU Member States, including Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Austria, Poland, Romania, and Slovenia, and also in two non-EU countries, Montenegro and Serbia. For a certain period, in some Member States these loans became the most popular type of loan issued to consumers. By pegging loans to a stable foreign currency, banks could lend more money ...

The Swiss National Bank is highly independent but weakly accountable. Weak accountability is rooted in the formal legislation on central banking but also in the reputation of the Bank, which is unanimously considered as highly successful. The ECB too is highly independent and weakly accountable but it faces diverse public opinions whose views differ across countries. Buttressing ECB accountability is important, therefore, and the European Parliament should consider strengthening the Monetary Dialogue ...

Freeports are conducive to secrecy. In their preferential treatment, they resemble offshore financial centres, offering both high security and discretion and allowing transactions to be made without attracting attention of regulators and direct tax authorities. This study argues that the legal anti-money laundering and tax evasion framework in place in the EU (and elsewhere) is only partially effective in combatting money laundering and tax evasion.

Euroopa Majanduspiirkond (EMP) loodi 1994. aastal, et laiendada ELi siseturgu käsitlevaid sätteid Euroopa Vabakaubanduse Assotsiatsiooni (EFTA) riikidele. Norra, Island ja Liechtenstein on EMP osalised. Šveits on EFTA liige, kuid ei osale EMPs. EL ja selle EMP partnerid (Norra ja Island) on omavahel seotud ka mitmesuguste põhjamõõtme poliitika meetmete ja foorumite kaudu, mis keskenduvad Euroopa kiiresti arenevatele põhjapiirkondadele ja Arktika piirkonnale tervikuna.

The subject of trade facilitation and border management lies at the heart of EU trade policy, which seeks to take advantage of global value chains for the benefit of workers, consumers and businesses. This demands that goods may flow smoothly across borders without jeopardising EU values and standards. Trade facilitation principles help reduce the cost of cross-border trade in goods while safeguarding regulatory control objectives. Good border management practice is integral to trade facilitation ...

This study maps the rules on independence and responsibility that are applicable at national, EU, and international level that govern the service provision by intermediaries such as companies working in auditing, tax advice, accountancy and account certification or by legal advisors (attorneys, solicitors, legal consultants, in-house lawyers, etc.). The mapping forms the basis for policy recommendations to encourage intermediaries to deliver a positive contribution to combatting tax evasion, tax ...

This paper was drafted under supervision of the Economic Governance Support Unit. Beginning with the proposal by Enria (2017), the paper discusses the scope for successful bank restructuring through a carveout of impaired assets and a transfer of these assets to a government-sponsored asset management company. The paper argues that the success of such an operation requires a use of public funds, either outright or through contingent commitments. Clawback provisions are problematic because they create ...