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The European Union is the world's largest producer, consumer and exporter of wine. It accounts for half of the world's production, with three quarters of EU wine produced in Spain, France and Italy. The EU had 2.2 million vineyard holdings in 2020, varying in size from an average of 0.2 hectares in Romania to 10.5 hectares in France. The EU also accounted for 48 % of global wine consumption in 2021, with the largest overall consumption recorded in France, Italy and Germany. Globally, only the United ...

Given the central role that online platforms (OPs) play in the digital economy, questions arise about their responsibility in relation to illegal/harmful content or products hosted in the frame of their operation. Against this background, this study reviews the main legal/regulatory challenges associated with OP operations and analyses the incentives for OPs, their users and third parties to detect and remove illegal/harmful and dangerous material, content and/or products. To create a functional ...

On 30 November 2016, the European Commission presented a legislative proposal for a recast directive on the internal market for electricity, as part of a comprehensive legislative package entitled 'Clean Energy for all Europeans'. The proposed directive would oblige Member States to ensure a more competitive, customer-centred, flexible and non-discriminatory EU electricity market with market-based supply prices. It would strengthen existing customer rights, introduce new ones and provide a framework ...

Les énergies propres sont des énergies dont la production et la consommation n’occasionnent que de très faibles émissions de gaz à effet de serre et autres polluants. Le niveau des émissions liées à la consommation d’énergie peut également diminuer sous l’effet de mesures en faveur de l’efficacité énergétique, qui modèrent la demande d'énergie. Les objectifs de l’accord de Paris (une élévation de la température mondiale bien en deçà de 2°C par rapport à l’ère préindustrielle, idéalement en-deçà de ...

Cette étude, commandée par le département thématique des droits des citoyens et des affaires constitutionnelles à la suite d’une demande de la commission des pétitions, détermine que les politiques et le droit de l’Union européenne en matière de bien-être des animaux ont eu une forte influence positive au niveau international, sur l’image de l’Union comme sur l’aide apportée aux animaux. Cependant, la plupart des types d’animaux détenus par l’homme dans l’Union européenne ne sont pas couverts par ...

This proceedings summaries the workshop chaired by MEP Nicola DANTI on collaborative economy. The workshop is a part of the overall work done within the European Parliament in order to deal with this new form of economy in the context of the Single Market. This document was prepared by Policy Department A at the request of the Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection.

This paper provides an overview of the empirical evidence concerning the potential gains from collaborative economy and the economic impact some of its business models on. It discusses how we can distinguish professional and non-professional services and provides a list of 9 tentative recommendations for the better protection of the users of the collaborative platforms. It also summarises the main regulatory concerns that emerge from the operation of such platforms. This document was prepared by ...

The research paper describes the main legal challenges for regulating the collaborative economy and evaluates the definition of, and elucidates how the existing body of EU law applies to collaborative economy business models. In the last part, the paper elaborates on how a regulatory framework for non-professional provision of services and prosumers should look like and makes a few concrete proposals for future policies. This paper was commissioned by the Policy Department A for Economic, Scientific ...

The Single Market was launched more than 20 years ago, yet a considerable number of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) still exist, despite the fact that this should no longer be the case. NTBs come in many, often disguised, forms and substantially reduce the benefits of the Single Market.

Cette note constitue une vue d’ensemble de l’expérience des consommateurs sur la médiation en Angleterre et au Pays de Galles et comprend un commentaire de la directive européenne sur la médiation et sa mise en oeuvre dans cette juridiction.