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That the EU imports almost 60 % of its energy shows that real EU strategic autonomy in energy is far from achieved. The current energy crisis poses a risk to all four EU energy policy objectives. Crisis in the energy market is causing public and private debt and inflation, which risks destabilizing the European energy market. While diversifying gas imports away from Russia reduces dependency on one big supplier, reliance on several other third countries implies new supply risks. Although high fossil ...

Over the past centuries, humanity has used an increasing share of the known elements to foster technological innovation, in particular metals. Today, a wide range of key technologies across all industries, from chips to batteries, medical imaging to tanks, rely on the unique physical properties of some specific critical raw materials (CRMs). Demand for CRMs is projected to skyrocket in the coming years. However, as the transition to 'net-zero' and the digital age is particularly materials-intensive ...

The Commission proposed a regulation on governance of the energy union, as part of its Clean Energy package (30 November 2016). The proposal aims to simplify the process of monitoring progress and help to implement the goals of Energy Union, in particular the 2030 EU targets on renewables, energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions. National energy and climate plans are to be prepared for the 2021-2030 period, followed by progress reports. Both plans and reports will use binding templates, and ...

Russia and other energy-rich authoritarian states use their energy exports for economic gains but also as a tool of foreign policy leverage. This study looks at the ways and methods these states have used to exert political pressure through their energy supplies, and what it means for the European Union. Most energy-rich authoritarian states use their energy wealth to ensure regime survival. But, more than others, Russia uses its energy wealth as well to protect and promote its interests in its ‘ ...

In April 2017, European Energy Commissioner, Maroš Šefčovič, commented that no commercial project has ever been so intensely debated as the Nord Stream 2 pipeline. Opponents of the pipeline are above all worried about its geopolitical and energy security implications.

Le traité sur le fonctionnement de l'Union européenne (traité FUE) maintient les réseaux transeuropéens (RTE) dans les secteurs des infrastructures du transport, de l'énergie et des télécommunications, mentionnés pour la première fois dans le Traité de Maastricht, afin de relier toutes les régions de l'Union. Ces réseaux sont des instruments conçus pour contribuer à la croissance du marché intérieur et de l'emploi, tout en poursuivant des objectifs de protection de l'environnement et de développement ...

Dans l’ensemble, l’analyse d’impact décrit et explique le problème de façon complète et décide de le résoudre au moyen d’une action législative au niveau de l’Union consistant à intégrer en un règlement unique les exigences en matière de planification, de communication d’informations et de suivi figurant dans divers textes législatifs. Le manque de données quantitatives et le fait que les incidences économiques, sociales et environnementales ne sont pas évaluées de manière égale peuvent être compréhensibles ...

What options exist, especially in terms of new technologies, for reducing the carbon footprint of the livestock industry, how effective might they be, and what could be done to encourage their implementation? The livestock industry is responsible for around 14.5 % of global greenhouse gas emissions. The magnitude of this percentage is due to the emission of large amounts of methane and nitrous oxide, which both result in greater global warming than carbon dioxide per gram of gas released. The main ...

Energy as a subject of relations between the EU and the USA has been characterised by considerable synergy on security of supply issues, and efforts to enhance free trade in energy products and services, cooperate on geopolitical challenges and nuclear safety, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote renewable energy sources. The recent lifting of US export restrictions on crude oil and natural gas is likely to increase energy trade with the EU, and allow Member States to benefit from lower energy ...

En février 2016, la Commission européenne a publié une communication sur une "stratégie de l'Union pour le gaz naturel liquéfié et le stockage du gaz", dans le cadre de son train de mesures pour une énergie durable et sûre. La Commission estime que l'amélioration de l'accès des États membres de l'Union aux importations de gaz naturel liquéfié (GNL), ainsi que le développement d'un stockage transfrontalier du gaz plus efficace, contribueraient à sécuriser l'approvisionnement en gaz, à réduire la dépendance ...