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In most countries in the European Union (EU) and in the rest of the world, debt is treated more favourably from a tax perspective than equity, with interest payments on loans generally being tax deductible. In contrast, costs relating to equity financing, such as dividends, are mostly non-tax deductible. This unequal treatment of debt and equity leads to a bias towards debt in businesses' investment decisions and can lead to high levels of indebtedness in the EU corporate sector. On 11 May 2022, ...

Big central banks and big public debts

Grinnanailís 15-09-2023

Like most advanced economies, the euro area emerges from a series of historical shocks with larger public debts, a sizeable increase in the already large balance sheets of the Eurosystem central banks, and intensified links between fiscal and monetary policies. The governments and the ECB must now undo what they did. Corrective action must not wait, if only because other shocks may again unexpectedly occur. The paper also presents a procedure to cut public debts. This document was provided by the ...

That the EU imports almost 60 % of its energy shows that real EU strategic autonomy in energy is far from achieved. The current energy crisis poses a risk to all four EU energy policy objectives. Crisis in the energy market is causing public and private debt and inflation, which risks destabilizing the European energy market. While diversifying gas imports away from Russia reduces dependency on one big supplier, reliance on several other third countries implies new supply risks. Although high fossil ...

This document presents selected indicators on public finance for the Euro Area Member States and the Euro Area as a whole. For each indicator, it provides a short explanation and the data sources. The final section presents a short overview of the main indicators used by the European and other international institutions to assess debt sustainability.

In October 2021, the European Commission relaunched, following a pause in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the review of the EU's economic governance framework. In the context of heightened economic and geopolitical uncertainty, the review has put the spotlight back on the fiscal rules, its relevance and effectiveness. On 9 November 2022, the Commission published a communication on orientations for a reform of the EU economic governance framework, which outlines how key economic and policy ...

On 26 July 2012, then ECB President Mario Draghi gave the so-called “whatever it takes” speech, today widely considered as the turnaround point in the European sovereign debt crisis. Shortly after, the European Central Bank (ECB) announced the details of its outright monetary transactions programme (OMT) tool. The speech, together with the OMT announcement, were enough to remove re-denomination risk from sovereign bond markets. OMT was never actually used. 10 years after, in a context of record-high ...

The data in this infographic illustrate the extent of trade between the EU and Russia in the years up to the latter launching its war on Ukraine, as well as the state of Russia’s economy more generally in the same period. This is an update of an infographic originally drafted by Martin Russell and Giulio Sabbati in May 2016.

This study aims to assess how major economies were affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, in particular with respect to economic growth and public debt sustainability. It reviews the heterogeneity of policy measures taken, and aims to identify best practices. A special focus is placed on the euro area and its largest Member States. Principles and practices for ensuring sustained growth and sustainable public finances are discussed.

This document presents selected indicators on public finance for the Euro Area Member States and the Euro Area as a whole. For each indicator, it provides a short explanation and the data sources. The final section presents a short overview of the main indicators used by the European and other international institutions to assess debt sustainability.

This document compares key figures included in the 2022 Draft Budgetary Plans (DBPs), as submitted to the European Commission (EC) by the Euro Area Member States by mid of October 2021, with those of the autumn 2021 forecasts by the EC and the key figures included in the 2021 Stability Programmes (SPs), as submitted by the Euro Area Member States by end of April 2021, with the those of the 2021 spring forecasts by the EC. The EC is expected to adopt its opinions on the 2022 DBPs by end of November ...