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The EU’s approach to preventive diplomacy is embedded in a wider ambition to ‘preserve peace, prevent conflicts and strengthen international security’. Given deteriorating security and increasing geopolitical tensions worldwide, it is evident that preventive diplomacy requires sustained and enhanced attention by the EU. Regarded as a credible and reliable partner – as well as an international frontrunner in preventive diplomacy – continued violence and conflict in Ukraine, Nagorno-Karabakh, Kosovo ...

The European Union (EU) has established over 40 regimes of sanctions against third countries, entities, and legal and natural persons. These restrictive measures include arms embargoes, import and export bans, freezing of funds and economic resources, and travel bans. Whereas the adoption of EU sanctions is centralised at EU level, their implementation and enforcement lies with the Member States. The significant differences between national systems, particularly in terms of offences and penalties ...

The Taliban takeover of Kabul on 15 August 2021 and Western forces' subsequent complete withdrawal did not bring peace and stability to Afghanistan. Levels of violence may have decreased throughout the country, but the Taliban remain neither capable of sustaining the Afghan economy, nor of efficiently combating terrorist groups on their territory. After two decades of military involvement and trillions of dollars invested, and due to the Taliban's broken promises and its violations of the 2020 Doha ...

The common foreign and security policy (CFSP) contributes to the EU's objectives of preserving peace; strengthening international security; promoting international cooperation; and developing and consolidating democracy, the rule of law, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. The 2022 annual report on the implementation of the CFSP adopted by the Committee for Foreign Affairs (AFET) highlights the need for stronger, more ambitious, credible, strategic and unified EU action on the world ...

The past year has been a genuine annus horribilis, shaking Europe and the world with security, economic and geopolitical shocks. Russia's brutal and unprovoked attack on Ukraine is the biggest military conflict on the continent since the Second World War. Apart from causing horrific death tolls, suffering and destruction, the war triggered security, political, energy and migration crises and undermined the nascent economic recovery from the COVID pandemic, fuelling record inflation and clouding growth ...

On 23 and 24 September 2022, the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS) organised an academic seminar to mark the 10th anniversary of the EU being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and to reflect more broadly on peace today. The seminar started in the Salon de l'Horloge at the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the room in which the Schuman Declaration was made 72 years ago. The subsequent sessions were held at the Jean Monnet House, in Bazoches-sur-Guyonne, the place where Monnet had drafted ...

The European Peace Facility (EPF), operational since July 2021, finances activities with military implications, and supports the armies of partner countries and EU Member States with infrastructure, training and equipment. Reacting to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, for the first time in its history the EU has now mobilised funds for the delivery by Member States of military equipment, including lethal weaponry, to assist a partner country.

The risks climate change poses to global stability and international security are becoming increasingly palpable. Today, in Europe and beyond, countries are increasingly aware of the challenges entailed by global warming and environmental degradation. The European Union has been at the forefront of raising climate concerns for over two decades. Among the sectors affected, security and defence is not spared: climate change not only acts as a threat multiplier, but also impacts capabilities and operational ...

The EU's common foreign and security policy (CFSP) is the basis for the Union's external action, including the promotion of EU values internationally. The 2021 annual report of the Committee for Foreign Affairs on the implementation of the CFSP names five areas that play a central role in the EU's external action: strengthening multilateral partnerships; improving decision-making and making use of the EU's soft and hard powers alike; interlinking the EU's external and internal actions; developing ...

The European Peace Facility (EPF) has been operational since 1 July 2021. This off-EU budget instrument finances operations with military implications (previously financed by the Athena mechanism and the African Peace Facility), and provides support to the EU partner countries' armies with infrastructure, training and equipment, including with lethal weapons. So far, it has funded operations in places as diverse as the Western Balkans, the Eastern Neighbourhood, in particular Ukraine, and sub-Saharan ...