Meklēt

Following the indefinite postponement of elections in December 2021, the political and security situation in Libya deteriorated further in 2022, deepening the political stalemate and division in the country. Libya is still lacking unified national institutions, a widely accepted constitution and an electoral framework. The new United Nations envoy to Libya, Abdoulaye Bathiliy, was appointed in September 2022. Among his priorities are supporting agreement on a constitutional framework and timeline ...

The 2018 Velvet Revolution installed Nikol Pashinyan as prime minister of Armenia. By 2020, Pashinyan's reform drive, already running out of momentum, hit two major obstacles: the coronavirus pandemic and, above all, a brief but disastrous war with Azerbaijan. Despite the trauma of defeat, in June 2021 voters gave Pashinyan a second chance, in elections seen as a positive sign for the country's future.

Armenia and Azerbaijan are bitterly opposed over Nagorno-Karabakh, an Armenian-backed separatist territory that international law recognises as part of Azerbaijan. The fighting, which began in September 2020, is the worst since 1994, when a ceasefire ended a two-year bloody war. With Turkey openly backing Azerbaijan, there are fears that this could trigger conflict with Russia, Armenia’s main ally.

Six years after the beginning of the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine and Russia's illegal annexation of the Crimean peninsula, the Minsk peace agreements to end the fighting have yielded limited results. Despite some progress in late 2019 – including prisoner swaps and new peace talks – fighting in eastern Ukraine continues.

As the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine enters its fifth year, the debate on the possibility of a United Nations (UN) peacekeeping mission has resurfaced, with a new report and a combination of developments on the international stage creating new momentum. Some see such a mission as a potential opportunity to contribute to unfreezing the Minsk II peace deal, paving the way for local elections. Meanwhile, the humanitarian situation in the conflict zone is deteriorating.

Ukraine's downward economic spiral started long before Russia annexed the Crimean peninsula in March 2014. The economy has been struggling since the country gained independence after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Kindled by continuous mismanagement and fuelled by political instability, the current economic crisis finally flared up in response to mounting pressure from Moscow. Kyiv is dependent on foreign aid and must conduct wide-ranging reforms. However, Moscow has multiple economic levers over ...

Renewed violence has caused the displacement of over 500 000 people since April. The creation of the M23 has re-engaged international actors in the conflict in the eastern DRC. The EU considered Joseph Kabila's 2011 re-election 'not credible'. In April, Kabila announced his intention to arrest Bosco Ntaganda. This precipitated events in the North Kivu region, causing a wave of defections and the creation of the M23. The M23 has been accused of war crimes. The deeper cause of the M23 rebellion is ...

For over 20 years, President Ali Abdullah Saleh kept tribal and north-south divisions in check. His regime broke down in 2011 as a result of Yemen's Arab Spring, sparked by pervasive poverty, unemployment and corruption. Violence and chaos are on the rise, particularly in the south. Powerful tribal groups and Islamist militants may overwhelm those demonstrating for democracy through descent into civil war.