Szukaj
Collection of studies prepared by Policy Department C for the PEGA Committee
Committee of Inquiry to investigate the use of Pegasus and equivalent surveillance spyware (PEGA) was set up on 10 March 2022. Chaired by MEP Jeroen LENAERS, PEGA Committee investigated infringements and maladministration in application of EU law in relation to the use of Pegasus and equivalent spyware surveillance software. Spyware and other hacking techniques are critical threats to privacy, data protection and democracy in the EU. They serve oppressive agendas against journalists, political activists ...
Obstetric and gynaecological violence in the EU - Prevalence, legal frameworks and educational guidelines for prevention and elimination
This study presents an overview of how the issue of obstetric and gynaecological violence is currently being apprehended in the EU. Based on research carried out across the EU 27 Member States, it identifies issues and challenges; looks at the legal framework currently applicable to this form of violence; examines ongoing political and legal developments; and gathers initiatives carried out at the national level to improve understanding and prevention of this form of gender-based violence by healthcare ...
Revision of the Schengen Borders Code
In December 2021, the European Commission presented a proposal to amend the Schengen Borders Code, which lays down the rules governing controls at the EU internal and external borders. While debates on the reform of Schengen have been going on for a while, recent challenges – relating to the coronavirus pandemic on the one hand, and attempts to instrumentalise migrants as a way to put pressure on the EU's external borders, on the other – have created new momentum for reform. The Commission's proposal ...
The notion of constitutional identity and its role in European integration
Since the introduction of Article 4(2) of the Treaty on European Union, the meaning and function of the notion of constitutional identity have become an important point of contention. This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the AFCO Committee, examines what the concept of constitutional identity means and how it has been understood in various EU Member States. It assesses the impact of this concept on ...
Trybunał Obrachunkowy
Europejski Trybunał Obrachunkowy (ETO) jest odpowiedzialny za kontrolę finansów UE. Jako zewnętrzny kontroler Unii Europejskiej przyczynia się do poprawy zarządzania finansami UE i pełni funkcję niezależnego strażnika interesów finansowych jej obywateli.
Międzyrządowe procedury decyzyjne
W dziedzinie wspólnej polityki zagranicznej i bezpieczeństwa (WPZiB) oraz w szeregu innych obszarów – takich jak wzmocniona współpraca, mianowanie na niektóre stanowiska i rewizja traktatów – procedura podejmowania decyzji różni się od trybu decydowania przeważającego w zwykłej procedurze ustawodawczej. Cechą charakterystyczną podejmowania decyzji w tych obszarach jest ściślejsza współpraca międzyrządowa. Takie mechanizmy decyzyjne, zwłaszcza w obszarze europejskiego zarządzania gospodarczego, zaczęto ...
Zasada pomocniczości
W ramach kompetencji niewyłącznych Unii zapisana w Traktacie o Unii Europejskiej zasada pomocniczości określa okoliczności, w jakich Unia ma pierwszeństwo działania w stosunku do państw członkowskich.
Implications of the Digital Transformation on Different Social Groups
This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the PETI Committee, analyses the impact of digitalization on vulnerable social groups in terms of lower income and education, age, people affected by disabilities, minority ethnic groups and people living in remote/isolated geographic areas. It includes a review of the relevant academic literature, secondary data analysis, as well as three case studies focused ...
Anti-money-laundering authority (AMLA): Countering money laundering and the financing of terrorism
In July 2021, the European Commission tabled a proposal to establish a new EU authority to counter money laundering and the financing of terrorism (AMLA). This was part of a legislative package aimed at implementing the 2020 action plan for a comprehensive Union policy on preventing money laundering and the financing of terrorism. The AMLA would be the centre of an integrated system, composed of the authority itself and national authorities with an AML/CFT supervisory mandate. It would also support ...
Parental Child Abductions to Third Countries
Cross-border parental child abductions in the EU are governed by The 1980 Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction and (except for Denmark) the Brussels II-ter Regulation. Countries outside of the EU may or may not be Contracting States to ‘the Convention’, but will not be bound by Brussels II-ter. Research has found that the often negative, long-lasting impact of abduction may continue throughout the lifecycle of those who have been abducted. It may also affect future ...