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O Tribunal de Contas

Fichas temáticas sobre a UE 27-03-2024

O Tribunal de Contas Europeu (TCE) é responsável pela auditoria das finanças da União Europeia. Enquanto auditor externo da UE, contribui para o aperfeiçoamento da sua gestão financeira e atua como guardião independente dos interesses financeiros dos cidadãos da União.

Economic indicators show that the United States (US) is the front-runner for both private investment in artificial intelligence (AI) and venture capital in generative AI, followed by China. US companies are also developing most of the large languages models (LLMs) underpinning AI innovation. EU starts-up are beginning to scale up.

The Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act moved close to final adoption when the European Parliament voted in favour of the text on 13 March. It will become law after the final endorsement of the Council of the European Union, making the Union the first major world power to adopt horizontal legislation governing AI. The act defines the rules for using and selling artificial intelligence systems in the EU, and regulates general-purpose AI tools such as ChatGPT and AI-based biometric surveillance. It also ...

Since mid-November 2023, the Iran-backed Houthi militia, which controls large parts of Yemen, has attacked numerous Western commercial ships near the Bab el-Mandeb Strait in the Red Sea. In response, major shipping companies have temporarily suspended Suez transits and diverted their trade. This diversion coincides with decreasing freight in another maritime chokepoint, the Panama Canal, provoked by lowered water levels. Rounding South Africa via the Cape of Good Hope is the shortest alternative ...

Drawing on a wide array of sources and literature, this study examines the role of the European Parliament in the establishment of the European Community's environmental policy. It argues that Parliament played a key role in placing this nascent policy issue on the agenda. It influenced the definition of what the policy should include, what it should focus on, and which instruments should be used to address environmental problems. In this process, Parliament filtered ideas, issues and political objectives ...

Drawing on a wide array of sources and literature, this study examines the role of the European Parliament in the establishment of the European Community's consumer policy. It argues that Parliament played a key role in placing this nascent policy issue on the agenda. It influenced the definition of what the policy should include, what it should focus on, and which instruments should be used to address the problems facing European consumers. In this process, Parliament filtered ideas, issues and ...

Drawing on a wide array of sources and literature, this study examines the role of the European Parliament in the establishment of the European Community's social policy. It argues that Parliament played a key role in placing this nascent policy issue on the agenda. It influenced the definition of what the policy should include, what it should focus on, and which instruments should be used to address social problems. In this process, Parliament filtered ideas, issues and political objectives from ...

Processos de decisão intergovernamental

Fichas temáticas sobre a UE 26-03-2024

Na Política Externa e de Segurança Comum (PESC), bem como em vários outros domínios, tais como a cooperação reforçada, determinadas nomeações e a revisão de tratados, o processo de decisão é diferente do que prevalece no processo legislativo ordinário. O aspeto dominante, nestes domínios, é uma componente mais forte da cooperação intergovernamental. O problema da crise da dívida pública levou a um aumento do recurso a esses mecanismos de tomada de decisão, nomeadamente no quadro da governação económica ...

O princípio da subsidiariedade

Fichas temáticas sobre a UE 26-03-2024

No âmbito das competências não exclusivas da União, o princípio da subsidiariedade, inscrito no Tratado da União Europeia, define as circunstâncias em que é preferível a ação da União em lugar dos Estados-Membros.

On 30 November 2022, as part of the European Green Deal, the European Commission presented the legislative proposal for a Union certification framework for carbon removals. The initiative was first announced in the March 2020 new circular economy action plan and again highlighted in the climate target plan, as well as in the 'fit for 55' revision of the Regulation on land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), as an essential tool to drive progress towards the 2050 climate neutrality target. ...