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In 2020, the Commission launched a review of the Solvency II Directive, the EU's legal prudential regulatory framework for (re-)insurance companies, which entered into force in 2016. As one output of the review, the Commission made a proposal in September 2021 for a new directive establishing a framework for recovery and resolution of insurance companies – the 'IRRD proposal'. The IRRD proposal would establish harmonised recovery and resolution tools and procedures, with enhanced cross-border cooperation ...

Listing act

Briefing 12-12-2023

The overwhelming majority of businesses in the European Union (EU) are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). They employ almost two thirds of the workforce, create 85 % of all new jobs and generate about three fifths of EU value added. In the period from 2010 to 2020, only a small proportion of EU SMEs said that they raised external financing through capital markets (4 %), while a quarter used bank loans, and a fifth used business-to-business trade credits or internal funds. To make capital ...

Markets in crypto-assets (MiCA)

Em síntese 12-04-2023

The European Parliament is due to vote in April on adopting a regulation on markets in crypto-assets (MiCA), following a provisional agreement on the proposal in trilogue negotiations. The regulation would establish harmonised rules for crypto-assets at EU level, thereby providing legal certainty for those crypto-assets not covered by existing EU legislation. By enhancing consumer and investor protection and financial stability, the regulation seeks to promote innovation and the use of crypto-assets ...

This study analyses the main provisions of Directive (EU) 2016/680 as well as their implementation within national laws in order to contribute to the European Parliament’s positions and findings regarding the evaluation and review of the Directive. In that context, the study identifies shortcomings and explores potential ways forward through a concrete set of recommendations.This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at ...

This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the Committee on Petitions (PETI), examines the progress made on mutual recognition of disability status, and the challenges this presents. There are different definitions and practices of disability assessment, among the Member States and in different policy fields. Citizens’ petitions raise concerns about this, and about the need for mutual recognition. Harmonising ...

In May 2022, the European Parliament adopted a draft legislative act proposing to repeal the 1976 European Electoral Act and replace it with a new Council regulation on the election of the Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) by direct universal suffrage. The aim is to harmonise a number of rules applicable to European elections, which are currently a combination between the common principles under the European Electoral Act and the different national rules implementing them. Harmonisation would ...

This study analyses the Commission proposal for a Regulation on European green bonds. It compares the proposal with existing EU legislation on sustainable finance and financial regulation and contextualises it in the EU green bond market. The assessment covers key regulatory aims, advantages of voluntary and mandatory options, different types of sustainable bonds, alignment with the Taxonomy Regulation, corporate and sovereign bonds, transparency requirements, review and supervision, enforcement ...

This study analyses the clarity and adaptability of EU environmental law and how these could be improved by means of regulatory options, by looking at four core EU environmental directives, in the field of water, air, nature and waste. Recommendations are made to improve the effectiveness of environmental law in European Union The research has been prepared at the request of the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs as asked by the Committee on ...

Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2005 had a positive impact on animal welfare during transport after its entry into force; however, its implementation is not yet harmonised across the European Union (EU). To investigate its application across Member States and whether the European Commission is enforcing them properly, the European Parliament set up a Committee of Inquiry on the Protection of Animals during Transport (ANIT) in June 2020, which led to the drafting of a report and recommendations. A final ...

Under the arrangements set out in Council Directives 93/109/EC and 94/80/EC, EU nationals who live in a Member State other than their own are entitled to participate in European and municipal elections, respectively, in their country of residence. This concerns an estimated 11 million EU citizens of voting age (post-Brexit data). Even if Member States have successfully transposed both directives, voter turnout among mobile citizens remains low compared to nationals. Similarly, only a fraction of ...