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This AT a glance note summarises the study providing a comparative assessment of the 28 Common Agricultural Policy Strategic Plans of the EU Member States. It assesses the main features of the regulatory framework for the 2023-2027 period including the approval process of the plans and provides an overview of the financial allocations of the 28 Strategic Plans and the specificities of their implementation. The study provides a first evaluation of the relevance of the Strategic Plans and their contribution ...

The necessary green transition in the EU requires substantial additional green public investment (GPI) by Member States throughout this decade and beyond. This briefing paper discusses four approaches for a reform of EU fiscal rules to better accommodate higher (debt-financed) GPI: (1) an exemption clause for GPI; (2) the implementation of a green golden rule; (3) a country-specific benchmark share of government expenditures dedicated to GPI recommended by the European Commission; and (4) an EU Climate ...

Implementation of EU customs legislation with regard to areas such as risk management and impact management measures differs across Member States. National systems also diverge in the extent to which they have been updated in line with the UCC. Furthermore, significant differences in sanctions regimes create barriers to trade and distortions in the Single Market. This study makes recommendations to Member States and the EU to address some of the weaknesses of the current customs controls and sanctions ...

This briefing provides a summarised comparative analysis of eight papers prepared by external experts at the request of the ECON Committee on the implementation of the six policy pillars of the Recovery and Resilience Facility. It further contains a summary of each of the eight papers provided. Both the comparative analysis and the summaries are prepared under EGOV responsibility; assessing and evaluating the integral views of the authors require a read-through of the full papers.

The Russian aggression against Ukraine has highlighted the relative confusion that exists over the obligations that states have under Article 5 of the (NATO) Washington Treaty and Article 42(7) of the Treaty on European Union. Clarification and explanation of these articles has become particularly urgent as overlap between NATO and EU membership increases, following Finland and Sweden's application to join NATO.

The following is a qualitative, comparative analysis of international state and non-state mechanisms and tools aimed at protecting and ensuring the safety of journalists, and the extent to which they are used and valued in three non-EU countries: the Philippines, El Salvador and Tunisia. Emphasis is placed on the role of the EU in using and strengthening its own and other international instruments. The findings are based on 15 expert interviews and a literature review carried out between mid-February ...

The Holocaust ('Shoah' in Hebrew) – the state-sponsored, systematic persecution and mass murder of Jews, whom the Nazi regime and its collaborators sought to annihilate along with other persecuted groups, such as Roma and Sinti – took place in Europe. It is therefore not surprising that a trend to address negationism – i.e. unfounded theories questioning certain historical events – by means of criminal law, originated in Europe. With time, the scope of criminalisation has been extended to cover not ...

Just before summer 2021, the EU adopted in record time (see timeline below) two regulations on the EU Digital Covid Certificate. The certificate with a QR code shows if a person has been vaccinated, tested negative or recovered from Covid-19. It is free of charge, available on paper or on a smartphone, and valid in all EU Member States. In total, 43 countries in the world are connected to the EU Digital Covid Certificate system. Its aim is to facilitate safe cross-border movement during the Covid ...

All jurisdictions tailor their prudential policies to bank size, with generally more complex – though not necessarily more stringent – requirements for larger banks. This paper compares such policies in the euro area and United States, in the context of the differences in banking system structures and legal frameworks. There are vastly more stand-alone smaller banks and credit unions in the US than in the euro area. The US approach to prudential requirements is generally more differentiated by bank ...

In July 2021, the European Central Bank (ECB), the central bank of the 19 European Union countries that have adopted the euro, completed its first monetary policy strategic review for 18 years. The key change, after 18 months of consultation, was a new interpretation of price stability (the ECB's primary objective) as a symmetric inflation rate of 2 % over the medium term. The aim of this year's review was to adapt monetary policy and central banking to broader macroeconomic trends, such as digitalisation ...