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The Van Gend & Loos and Costa v ENEL cases, decided on 5 February 1963 and 15 July 1964, respectively, are commonly considered the two building blocks of EU law as an autonomous legal order with direct effect before national courts and primacy over national law. However, there is a third important case, decided between the other two, without which neither direct effect nor primacy of EU law would be considered binding doctrines. On 27 March 1963, on a preliminary reference from the Dutch customs ...

'Brexit Freedoms Bill'

Kort sammanfattning 07-11-2022

On 22 September 2022, the UK government tabled the Retained EU Law (Revocation and Reform) Bill, also referred to as the Brexit Freedoms Bill. It aims to abolish the principle of the supremacy of EU law in the UK by the end of 2023, and proposes to give the government new powers to amend, replace or repeal the EU laws copied into UK domestic legislation following the UK's withdrawal from the EU – 'Brexit'. The bill will now undergo parliamentary scrutiny and votes in both the House of Commons and ...

This study was commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee. It analyses the consequences of the judgment of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal for the legal relationship between Poland and the EU, compares it to the case law of other Member States’ highest courts and makes policy recommendations on how to deal with the judgment.

This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the AFCO Committee, looks into the constitutional and institutional challenges that the European Union faced during the Brexit negotiations, and analyses whether the current wording of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union was applied in an adequate manner and allowed for an efficient and properly organised withdrawal procedure.

Hong Kong 'localists' won six seats in the 2016 Legislative Council elections. Calling for greater autonomy or self-determination for Hong Kong, or even its independence from mainland China, they have challenged the fragile balance of power under the city's 1997 'one country, two systems' regime. The attempts of the now ousted members-elect to cross Beijing's bottom line has prompted mainland China to tighten its grip on the city's executive, legislature and judiciary, adding to concerns over creeping ...

This note provides a summary of 4 expert papers assessing the role of precautionary recapitalisation in the Banking Union.

Preliminary reference procedure

Briefing 06-07-2017

The preliminary reference procedure, provided for in Article 267 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), is an institutionalised mechanism of dialogue between the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and national courts. This dialogue serves three principal purposes. First of all, to provide national courts with assistance on questions regarding the interpretation of EU law. Secondly, to contribute to a uniform application of EU law across the Union. Thirdly, to create ...

När Romfördraget trädde i kraft ersattes medlemsstaternas nationella jordbrukspolitik av interventionsmekanismer på gemenskapsnivå. Grunden för den gemensamma jordbrukspolitiken har förblivit oförändrad sedan Romfördraget, med undantag för reglerna om beslutsfattande. Genom Lissabonfördraget fastställs medbeslutandeförfarandet som parlamentets ordinarie lagstiftningsförfarande för den gemensamma jordbrukspolitiken och ersätter samrådsförfarandet.

CJEU Opinion on the EU-Singapore Agreement

Kort sammanfattning 29-05-2017

In 2015, the European Commission requested the opinion of the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) on the competence for conclusion of the EU-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (EUSFTA). The CJEU issued its opinion on 16 May 2017, holding that the EUSFTA covers shared competences with respect to: (i) non-direct foreign investment, (ii) investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS), and (iii) state-to-state dispute settlement relating to provisions regarding portfolio investment and ISDS. In its current form, ...

Regulation 561/2006 lays down rules applicable to driving times, breaks and rest periods for drivers engaged in the carriage of goods and passengers by road. Various resources show that presently there are several challenges linked with the implementation of the regulation. These include diverging enforcement practice applied across the different EU Member States, clarity of the text of the regulation, broad discretion of the Member States and various exemptions allowed by the regulation. These challenges ...