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There is growing interest in the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the agri-food sector, to extract or exploit the information in datasets resulting from the monitoring of products and processes. Artificial intelligence algorithms, and the models derived from them, are used as support systems for better decision making or, in some cases, are implemented in automatic control processes and robotics, to alleviate drudgery. In this study, sensing and data collection in different agri-food ...

The paper provides a concise overview of the Dodd-Frank Act, the challenges of its implementation, and efforts to roll back the Act, in large part due to what are viewed to be vague and impractical provisions. This document was provided by Policy Department A at the request of the ECON Committee.

This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the PETI Committee, deals with so called dual quality products, that is goods (food products, detergents, cosmetics, toiletries and products intended for babies, etc.) marketed on the Single Market under the same brand or trademark but with differences in content, composition or quality in individual EU Member States. The issue of dual quality products is one ...

Digital technology brings greater efficiency in many walks of life, and elections are no exception. Online databases hugely facilitate the task of creating and managing accurate and up-to-date electoral rolls. In less developed countries, whose citizens often lack reliable identity documents, biometric technology can help to identify voters, thus preventing fraud in the form of multiple voting. However, for some aspects of election management, digitalisation is more controversial. Electronic voting ...

The automotive industry is a major player in the European economy, accounting for 6.4% of gross domestic product and 2.3 million jobs in the European Union (EU). In September 2015, the Volkswagen (VW) case highlighted weaknesses in the implementation of type-approval rules for motor vehicles in the European Union, in particular as regards standards on emissions of air pollutants and carbon dioxide. In 2016, as part of preparations from previous years but also in response to the VW case, the European ...

We provide an assessment of the design and calibration of the 2018 EU-wide stress test. The adverse scenario for the 2018 stress test is more severe than for previous stress tests in terms of the assumed GDP decline in the EU area. However, the test is less severe in terms of the losses that banks are expected to incur under the scenario. The adverse scenario has a highly asymmetric impact on different European countries, such that countries with a high degree of trade openness are affected considerably ...

The 2018 EU-wide stress test requires banks to evaluate the impact on profits and capital of common macroeconomic scenarios for 2018-2020. The methodology set up by the EBA addresses four main sources of uncertainty: credit risk, market risk, financial risks on net interest income and operational risk. Credit risk is assessed on the basis of the new IFRS 9 accounting standard. Market risk includes a valuation of illiquid, hard-to-price level 2/3 financial instruments. Net interest income is assumed ...

The new 2018 EBA EU-wide stress test exercise is similar to previous exercises for what concerns the employed methodology. The major change compared to the 2016 exercise is the inclusion of the new international accounting standards, which contributes to the increased severity of the exercise. The methodology incorporates several measures to guarantee internal consistency. However, despite all the progress made in designing the exercise, there remain critical areas concerning the application of a ...

This briefing summarises the results of the 2018 stress test of the four significant Greek banks directly supervised by the European Central Bank (ECB), and puts them into perspective, comparing them with previous results.

Regulation (EC) 1107/2009 lays down the main instruments for placing effective plant protection products (using pesticide substances) on the market that are safe for humans, animals and the environment, while at the same time ensuring effective functioning of the internal market and improved agricultural production. This European Implementation Assessment found that the above objectives, while largely relevant to real needs, are not being achieved in practice. In particular, implementation of the ...