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This study examines the evolving role of the European Council in the EU’s constitutional structure. As the study demonstrates, the increasing tendency of the European Council to instruct other EU institutions and its limited accountability have established an increasing gap between its de jure role under the EU Treaties and its de facto power in the larger system of EU governance. This study was commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs ...

A mathematical formula for determining the EP composition

Задълбочен анализ 13-02-2024

This briefing, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the AFCO Committee, provides proposals for a formula for an allocation system for the future distribution of EP seats among the member states that is in line with the distribution criteria as laid down in Article 14(2) TEU and allows for a distribution of seats that is objective, fair, durable and transparent.

This paper, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the AFCO Committee, proposes a permanent system for the allocation of seats in the European Parliament that ensures transnational electoral equality even under the conditions of increasing degressivity of national quotas. This is achieved through a system of proportional completion using a new EU-wide seat quota.

The European Parliament President's opening remarks at European Council meetings are one of the two most visible and frequent interactions between Parliament and the European Council. While the European Parliament President is not a member of the European Council and does not remain for the entirety of the meeting, his or her participation is significant nonetheless. Meetings of the European Council, which includes the 27 EU leaders and the presidents of the European Council and the European Commission ...

There are no provisions in the EU Treaties or in secondary EU law on the procedure for deciding on the location of an EU agency. Article 341 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) refers only to the EU institutions. This legal vacuum has generated different practices over time and power struggles among the Member States. The most recent example of conflicting national interests was the case of the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom ...

The Kingdom of Belgium is a federal constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy, with the monarch as Head of State and a prime minister as Head of Government. The current monarch, King Philippe/Filip has been on the throne since 21 July 2013, his heir apparent is Princess Elisabeth, the daughter of the monarch. The King has wide legislative powers constitutionally but is relieved of all responsibility, with his ministers signing the bills and royal decrees. It is the King's task to appoint ...

The digital transformation is making the EU institutions and administration more vulnerable to cyber-threats and incidents. Their number has surged dramatically in recent years: there were as many incidents during the first half of 2021 as in the whole of 2020, for instance. Yet an analysis of 20 Union institutions, bodies and agencies showed that their governance, preparedness, cybersecurity capability and maturity vary substantially, weakening the system. This proposal for a regulation would establish ...

The IA supports the revision of the EU customs legislation to ensure an integrated approach to reinforcing the customs processes, data management and governance framework. It considers four policy options (POs), each with an increasing degree of ambition and a concrete implementation timeline. The four POs are complimentary, rather than separate alternatives, and appear realistic and self-standing. The IA assesses the impacts of all POs both quantitatively and qualitatively, and selects PO4 – 'EU ...

The question of whether the 34 decentralised European Union (EU) Agencies and EPPO are adequately equipped with human and financial resources is a recurring discussion in the different budget and discharge procedures addressing the work of the Agencies. A common issue voiced is that extensions of an agency’s mandate are not matched by a corresponding increase in available funding and human resources. In a special report on the future of EU agencies from 2020, the European Court of Auditors (ECA) ...