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China is increasingly investing in key European infrastructure, including ports. This is something that has drawn attention at both EU and Member State level, in particular regarding strategic dependency on China and how it affects the EU's economic interests. This short briefing provides an initial overview of existing, publicly known Chinese interests in EU ports.

On 12 December 2022, the Council adopted the Hungarian recovery and resilience plan (RRP) based on the Commission’s positive evaluation. Compared to the original plan, a whole new component of measures has been added (Component 9: Governance and Public Administration) containing 38 measures with 111 milestones and targets. Of these, 27 milestones are referred to as ‘super milestones’ without which no payment under the RRF will be allowed. These ‘super milestones’ include some of the Key Implementation ...

The Rome Declaration of 25 March 2017, issued by the Heads of State or Government of the EU-27 on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Treaties of Rome, marked the end of a process that started after the UK referendum on EU membership on 23 June 2016. The aim of this In-depth Analysis is to assess the outcomes of the various EU-27 and European Council meetings in the period between the Bratislava summit of 16 September 2016 and the Rome summit of 25 March 2017, in relation to the objectives ...

The Written Statement Directive

Briefing 04-04-2017

The Written Statement Directive obliges employers to provide employees with a written statement on the essential aspects of the work contract or employment relationship. Despite the fact that the directive was transposed into the legal systems of all Member States, the reports show several cases of its incorrect or inadequate implementation. Furthermore, new forms of employment have emerged since the directive's adoption in 1991, which it does not cover. Court of Justice jurisprudence clarifying ...

This publication provides an overview of the work done by the European Commission under the first two work programmes of Jean-Claude Juncker's presidency, and more specifically of the initiatives it has taken in the framework of its ten priority areas for actions. It draws on a wide range of publications by EPRS, and builds, in particular, on the briefing 'The ten priorities of the Juncker Commission: State of play a year on', by Ariane Debyser. It has been compiled by Desislava Boyadjieva with contributions ...

Before his election to office in July 2014, the incoming President of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, set out ten policy priorities which would serve as the political mandate for his five-year term in office. With the stated aim of focusing on the 'big things', he outlined ten priority areas in which he wanted the EU to make a difference and deliver concrete results for citizens. The Commission Work Programme for 2015 was based on these guidelines, and on putting these priorities into ...

Free Zones are geographic areas in which a governmental authority offers incentives, different from the host country's regular policies, to companies operating in the region. Given the nature of these incentives, designated zones are often said to function as "growth poles" for the region, or even beyond.

This study assesses the European Semester’s effectiveness and legitimacy. Effectiveness is constrained by the fact that spillovers, in particular in the euro area, are insufficiently accounted for and recommendations lack prioritisation across countries and policy areas. Legitimacy derives from the Council vote. We provide evidence based on a survey sent to all 27 National Parliaments, which are found to be active in debating central elements of the Semester and thereby providing national legitimacy ...

This is the third working paper written by Policy Department B on Common Agricultural Policy Reform. The purpose of this document is to provide an analysis of the Commission’s Communication on “A Budget for Europe 2020”, with the aim of facilitating the legislative work of the MEPs relating to the next reform of the CAP. After a description of the historical evolution of the European budget and spending on the Common Agricultural Policy, the paper explores the new proposed Multiannual Financial Framework ...

The EU Strategy for the Baltic Sea Region (SBSR), adopted by the Council in October 2009, is the first EU macro-region initiative for sustainable development. The SBSR has the general aims of making the region more environmentally sustainable, more prosperous, more accessible and attractive, as well as safer and more secure. The Baltic Sea Region encompasses eight Member States and faces significant challenges in the shipping, fisheries and energy sectors, which are directly or indirectly targeted ...