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International humanitarian law (IHL) aims to lessen the horrible effects of armed conflict by outlining states' and non-state armed groups' responsibilities during an armed conflict. The EU and its Member States are bound by these rules. As IHL only applies in wartime, compliance of common security and defence policy (CSDP) missions and operations with IHL has not yet been put to the test. Despite the possibility, according to the Treaties, for the EU to deploy peace enforcement missions, Member ...

On 27 January 1945, the Soviet Army liberated the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp. Held on this date since 2002, International Holocaust Remembrance Day is a solemn occasion to commemorate the Jewish, Roma and Sinti victims of Nazi terror. Following a resolution of the European Parliament, a distinct European Roma Holocaust Memorial Day is marked every year on 2 August to commemorate the Roma uprising on that day in 1943, when prisoners of the 'Gypsy Camp' there fought almost bare-handed ...

The treaty of the Rome Statute, signed on 17 July 1998 by 120 countries, gave birth to a permanent international body: the International Criminal Court (ICC). To commemorate the Court's coming into existence in 2002, each year (following a decision at the first review conference of the Rome Statue in 2010), the World Day for International Justice is marked on that day.

With its war of aggression against Ukraine, launched in early 2022, Russia has violated the country's territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence within internationally recognised borders. This war has inflicted heavy casualties, destruction and displacement within Ukraine and beyond. While intense ongoing hostilities make it difficult to collect comprehensive information about certain areas in Ukraine, this is arguably the largest humanitarian crisis in Europe since World War II. There are ...

Europe has been home to Jews for thousands of years. They have contributed to the continent's artistic achievements and material prosperity despite discriminatory laws and recurring acts of persecution. With their 'final solution', the Nazis aimed to eradicate Jews from the continent and erase all trace of their culture, destroying synagogues, Jewish archives and works of art. Although the Nazis did not achieve their objective, they left ruins that bear architectural witness to Jewish presence on ...

Plenary round-up – December 2022

Ve stručnosti 16-12-2022

The highlight of the December 2022 plenary session was the ceremony awarding the 2022 Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought to the brave people of Ukraine. Also, in a 'This is Europe' debate, the Prime Minister of Slovenia, Robert Golob, addressed the plenary. With Council and European Commission representatives, Members debated the preparation of the European Council meeting of 15 December 2022. A number of debates also took place: on the outcome of COP27; addressing persistent challenges in the ...

Since the start of Russia's war on Ukraine there has been mounting evidence of what may constitute violations of international criminal law in the conduct of the war. Active investigations into alleged core international crimes (which are classified as war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide) have begun, with the involvement of the Ukrainian authorities, the International Criminal Court, and other international organisations. The EU is playing an active role in this process, with Eurojust ...

On 16 March 2022, after a fast-track procedure, the International Court of Justice ordered provisional measures in the Ukraine v Russia case. In bringing the case, Ukraine argued that Russia had wrongfully claimed a genocide in Ukraine to justify its invasion. Russia, meanwhile, rejected the Court's jurisdiction. Given the lack of evidence for Russia's genocide allegations, and the principle that any action to prevent genocide must be taken in good faith and in line with international law, the Court ...

The Holocaust ('Shoah' in Hebrew) – the state-sponsored, systematic persecution and mass murder of Jews, whom the Nazi regime and its collaborators sought to annihilate along with other persecuted groups, such as Roma and Sinti – took place in Europe. It is therefore not surprising that a trend to address negationism – i.e. unfounded theories questioning certain historical events – by means of criminal law, originated in Europe. With time, the scope of criminalisation has been extended to cover not ...

Roma and Sinti Holocaust

Ve stručnosti 23-01-2020

On 27 January 1945, the Red Army liberated the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp. Held on this date since 2002, the International Holocaust Remembrance Day is a solemn occasion to commemorate the Jewish, Roma and Sinti victims of Nazi terror. The Roma and Sinti Holocaust is still largely unknown to the public.