hledat

Export taxes and restrictions take various forms and their effects may not be limited to the countries that apply them. Developing countries use such export taxes and restrictions in pursuit of development policy objectives. The effects on third countries depend on the market power of the country applying them and the nature of the restriction or tax. Large developing and emerging economies are the main users of these types of instruments, which are often used to counter the distortions due to tariff ...

Free trade in raw materials is of great importance for the EU. China remains the EU’s main supplier of critical raw materials and thus concentrates on the most recent evidence on its export restrictions. Despite recent WTO rulings, China is still implementing a wide range of trade distorting measures in the form of export licensing or through the introduction of a resource tax. While we can trace certain welfare benefits for the Chinese domestic market following the introduction of export restrictions ...

On 26 March 2014, the World Trade Organisation (WTO) circulated a report on the dispute about China’s rules on the exports of rare earths. The dispute had been initiated by complaints from the EU and Japan, with another 16 countries participating as third parties in the proceedings. In the report, a WTO dispute settlement panel concluded that Beijing had breached international trade rules by applying restrictions on its exports of various forms of rare earths, tungsten and molybdenum. Rare earths ...