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Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a powerful tool thanks to technological advances, access to large amounts of data, machine learning and increased computing power. The release of ChatGPT at the end of 2022 was a new breakthrough in AI. It demonstrated the vast range of possibilities involved in adapting general-purpose AI to a wide array of tasks and in getting generative AI to generate synthetic content based on prompts entered by the user. In a just a few years' time, a very large share ...

Referendums put citizens back at the centre of the political stage. As instruments of direct democracy, they may foster citizens' involvement and legitimise important decisions. Referendums have been on the rise in Europe and elsewhere in the world in recent decades, and have become a recurrent feature of European politics. Despite the increased interest in some Member States, however, referendums remain controversial. On the one hand, advocates of direct democracy stress that referendums can foster ...

What future for democracy?

Oversigt 11-12-2020

A panel at the 2020 ESPAS conference discussed the future of democracy in the light of the coronavirus pandemic. Participatory democracy was seen as a potential remedy for polarisation, while digitisation brings a need for careful governance. Misinformation and disinformation needs to be addressed through education. A poll of attendees identified tax equity as a key innovation for successfully rebuilding democracy.

This study was commissioned and supervised by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the AFCO Committee. European countries have started exploring e-participation as a way to regain citizens' trust and revitalise European democracy by developing a more responsive, transparent and participatory decision-making process. The main objectives of the study are to identify best practices in EU Member States, describe e-participation ...

Referendums on EU issues

Briefing 18-05-2016

Referendums give citizens a direct say over matters which would otherwise be decided by elected (or non-elected) representatives. Thus, as instruments of direct democracy, they may foster citizens' involvement and legitimise important decisions. In fact, referendums have been on the rise in Europe and elsewhere in the world in recent decades, and have become a recurrent feature of European politics. Since 1972, Europe has seen 54 referendums on EU matters, concerning membership, treaty ratification ...

Ahead of Switzerland's general election on 18 October 2015, the European refugee crisis has reinvigorated the continuing debate in Switzerland on immigration and the future of the EU bilateral agreements. The 2014 referendum 'against mass immigration' is jeopardising the EU Swiss Free Movement of Persons Agreement (FMPA), and immigration and EU relations will remain leitmotifs in the new term.