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Rights of women and gender equality with regard to pay, treatment at work, labour market and career opportunities in Iceland
The Republic of Iceland is one of the smallest European countries, with a population of 370,000 inhabitants in 2021 . It is an island state and its official language is Icelandic. Historically, geographically and politically, Iceland is connected to the Scandinavian countries and is part of the Nordic countries, but does not belong to the EU. Iceland is a part of the EEA Agreement, which enables the country to enjoy the benefits of the EU’s single market without the full privileges and responsibilities ...
Recent migration flows to the EU
This infographic aims to present the latest available data on migrant flows to the EU in the year 2020. It covers the detection of illegal crossings on the EU's external borders and numbers of deaths of migrants on those crossings. This Infographic updates and complements previous editions, the most recent of which was issued in April 2020 (PE 649.329).
Die Erweiterung der Europäischen Union
Am 1. Juli 2013 trat Kroatien der Europäischen Union als 28. Mitgliedstaat bei. Der Beitritt Kroatiens, der nach dem Beitritt Rumäniens und Bulgariens vom 1. Januar 2007 erfolgte, stellte die sechste Erweiterung der Union dar. Mit Montenegro, Serbien und der Türkei werden Verhandlungen geführt. Weitere Bewerberländer sind Albanien und die ehemalige jugoslawische Republik Mazedonien, während Bosnien und Herzegowina sowie der Kosovo potenzielle Bewerberländer sind.
Der Europäische Wirtschaftsraum (EWR), die Schweiz und der Norden
Der Europäische Wirtschaftsraum (EWR) wurde 1994 mit dem Ziel eingerichtet, die EU-Bestimmungen über den Binnenmarkt auf die Länder der Europäischen Freihandelszone (EFTA) auszudehnen. Norwegen, Island und Liechtenstein gehören dem EWR an. Die Schweiz ist Mitglied der EFTA, gehört aber nicht zum EWR. Die EU und ihre EWR-Partner (Norwegen und Island) sind zudem durch verschiedene „nördliche Politikbereiche“ und Foren mit Schwerpunkt auf den sich schnell entwickelnden nördlichen Ausläufern Europas ...
Russia and security [What Think Tanks are thinking]
Relations between the European Union and Russia remain strained after, late in June, the EU extended its sanctions against the country until 31 January 2018, citing a lack of progress in the implementation of the Minsk agreements aimed at ending the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. Russia's annexation of Crimea and its conflict with Ukraine have challenged the post-Cold War security order in Europe. Russia's other assertive foreign policy moves, such as its role in the Syrian war and steps to extend its ...
Iceland ahead of the parliamentary elections
The financial storm that swept Iceland in 2008 has had long-lasting effects on the country's domestic political climate. Despite the remarkably speedy economic recovery, the post-crash political crisis has continued to evolve. New, alternative political movements have mushroomed, and the anti-establishment Pirate Party is expecting a big boost in the 29 October snap elections.
EU Arctic Policy in Regional Context
EU Arctic policy has evolved significantly in recent years, culminating in the April 2016 Joint Communication from the European Commission and the HRVP for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. The Communication focuses on the environment and climate change, sustainable development, and peaceful international cooperation, with overarching support for scientific research. This coincides with most of the priorities of the EU’s Arctic Member States, Denmark, Finland and Sweden. The Communication does ...
EFTA states have built up a network of 26 preferential trade agreements (PTAs) with 37 partners, compared to more than 120 trade agreements concluded by the EU with more than 45 partners. There are substantial differences between EU and EFTA PTAs in terms of scope and ambition. EFTA agreements still focus on traditional areas of market access, while the post-1990 EU agreements are more elaborate, values-driven, political and comprehensive. As a bloc, the EU has more leverage when it negotiates ...
Die Doha-Änderung des Protokolls von Kyoto
Das Europäische Parlament wird ersucht, seine Zustimmung zur Ratifizierung von zwei Klimaschutzübereinkommen durch die Europäische Union zu erteilen. Bei den Übereinkommen handelt es sich um die Doha-Änderung des Protokolls von Kyoto und eine Vereinbarung zwischen der EU und Island über die gemeinsame Erfüllung der aus dem Protokoll erwachsenden Verpflichtungen. Mit der Doha-Änderung wird für das Kyoto-Protokoll, ein internationales Übereinkommen zur Senkung der Treibhausgasemissionen, ein zweiter ...
Best Practice in the Use of Rights-Based Management to Reduce Discards in Mixed Fisheries
Rights-based fisheries management systems alter the incentives for discarding and harvesting selectivity compared to the alternatives. Nations that have adopted individual transferable quotas (ITQs) in their fisheries generally have comparatively low discard rates. This is partly due to the attributes of the ITQ system and partly due to clever methods adopted by these nations in order to reduce discards in their fisheries.