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The EU's digital trade policy

Briefing 25-01-2024

Digital trade has become a key element in the EU's trade policy. Every modern trade agreement that the EU has concluded contains a dedicated digital trade chapter. The digital trade provisions in EU trade agreements have evolved over time, which reflects the increasing role digital trade plays today in the world economy. While there is no clear measurement of digital trade yet, the OECD estimates nevertheless that digital trade represents around 25 % (in 2020) of total trade. The EU, as the world's ...

The Council of the EU has authorised the European Commission to represent the EU and its Member States in the intergovernmental talks at the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), with a view to reforming the existing investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) system. The latter provides a procedural framework for disputes between international investors and host states in relation to international investment agreements, and relies on arbitration procedures. The system has ...

Überprüfung der Durchsetzungsverordnung

Auf einen Blick 13-01-2021

Die Blockade des Berufungsgremiums des Streitbeilegungspanels der Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) führt seit Dezember 2019 dazu, dass Rechtslücken bei der Durchsetzung internationaler Handelsregeln entstehen. Um diese Lücken zu schließen, hat die Europäische Kommission vorgeschlagen, den Anwendungsbereich der Verordnung (EU) Nr. 654/2014 über die Ausübung der Rechte der Union in Bezug auf die Anwendung und die Durchsetzung internationaler Handelsregeln („Durchsetzungsverordnung“) auszuweiten. Es ist ...

Socio-economic effects of digital trade and artificial intelligence on EU industries Artificial intelligence and new digital technologies are transforming digital trade. They facilitate the development of new business models of trade and reduce the geographical barriers of economic transactions. Such transformations are quite useful for the small and medium enterprises. Artificial intelligence is being adopted by both digital and non-digital sectors, but its adoption varies a great deal across ...

This brief provides a legal analysis of existing rules in digital trade regarding the various components of artificial intelligence (‘AI’), in particular (personal and nonpersonal) data, computer code in the form of algorithms, and computing power (including cloud computing). To do so, the first part of this analysis will map various international trade rules that affect cross-border flows of data, computer code and computing power to determine their respective advantages and disadvantages. ...

The Council of the European Union has authorised the European Commission to represent the EU and its Member States at the intergovernmental talks at the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), with a view to reforming the existing investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) system. The latter provides a procedural framework for disputes between international investors and hosting states, and relies on arbitration procedures. However, there have been growing concerns among states ...

In der Plenartagung vom Oktober wird darüber abgestimmt, ob die Verordnung von 2005 verschärft werden soll, die den Handel mit Gütern verbietet, die in Drittstaaten bei Folter oder Hinrichtungen zum Einsatz kommen könnten. Zuvor war im Trilog eine Einigung erzielt worden, bei der die meisten Empfehlungen des EP übernommen wurden. Im Bericht des Ausschusses für internationalen Handel (INTA), der im Oktober 2015 im Plenum erörtert wurde, hat man festgestellt, dass die ursprünglichen Vorschläge der ...

The Rules on Transparency in Treaty-based Investor-State Arbitration of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), in force since April 2014, introduce requirements on the publication of certain documents in arbitral proceedings which apply the UNCITRAL arbitration rules. The new Mauritius Convention would allow those transparency rules also to be applied in disputes arising under investment agreements existing prior to April 2014. The Council is currently debating on what ...

Gemäß Abschnitt 15 des Protokolls über den Beitritt Chinas zur WTO kann China in Antidumpingverfahren als Land ohne Marktwirtschaft (non-market economy, NME) behan-delt werden. Die Behandlung Chinas als NME erlaubt es einführenden Ländern, alternative Methoden für die Bestimmung des Normalwerts zu verwenden, was oft zu höheren Antidumpingzöllen führt. Die korrekte Auslegung von Abschnitt 15 Buchstabe d des Protokolls über den Beitritt Chinas zur WTO wird jedoch zunehmend diskutiert, ebenso wie die ...

Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) clauses in international investment agreements have traditionally been based on an approach which may be termed ‘light touch regulation’ of investment protection. The avenue taken by the recently negotiated EU draft agreements, the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and the EU-Singapore Free Trade Agreement (EUSFTA), can be described as ‘more comprehensive regulation’. Likewise, EUSFTA and CETA provide a rather detailed body of law on substantive ...