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Debt–equity bias reduction allowance (DEBRA)

Εν συντομία 10-01-2024

In May 2022, the Commission tabled a proposal ('DEBRA') to address the debt-equity bias in corporate taxation. As debt is treated more favourably from a tax perspective than equity, European companies are significantly more reliant on bank loans when funding new investments. To address this bias, the Commission proposes to introduce an allowance that will grant equity the same tax treatment as debt. The Council must vote unanimously, after consulting the Parliament, to adopt the directive. Parliament ...

When businesses start operating cross-border, they are faced with a new and unfamiliar corporate tax system in each EU Member State. As a result, businesses with cross-border activities have to spend time and resources on understanding and complying with complex local corporate tax rules. This represents a significant administrative burden for those companies, increases the risk of double taxation and discourages companies from taking full advantage of the single market. On 12 September 2023, the ...

VAT in the digital age

Briefing 16-11-2023

Value added tax (VAT) is one of the key revenue raisers in national budgets, accounting on average for almost a fifth of all tax revenue collected in the EU. Yet, sizeable amounts of VAT revenue are lost to fraud. Moreover, VAT rules place a considerable administrative burden on businesses. Therefore, to help strengthen the fight against VAT fraud and reduce this burden, the European Commission tabled a three-part proposal for a directive on VAT in the digital age, on 8 December 2022. The proposal ...

This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of national tax measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the aim of ensuring an appropriate assessment and providing policy recommendations to effectively address future crises. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the Subcommittee on Tax Matters (FISC).

While shell companies – company entities that have no or minimal economic activity – can serve useful commercial and business functions, they are sometimes abused by companies or individuals for aggressive tax planning or tax evasion. To ensure sustainable public finances under the exceptional circumstances imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, in December 2021 the European Commission presented a directive on preventing shell companies from misusing their structure for tax purposes ('Unshell'). The proposal ...

More flexible VAT rates

Briefing 26-09-2022

Value added tax (VAT) is an important source of revenue for national governments and the European Union (EU) budget and, from an economic point of view, a very efficient consumption tax. However, the rules governing value added tax as applied to intra-Community trade are almost 30 years old and the current common EU VAT system is both complicated and vulnerable to fraud. Businesses doing cross-border trade face high compliance costs and the administrative burden of national tax administrations is ...

This study analyses the gaps and challenges in the EU corporate income tax (CIT) legislation, and evaluate the European Added Value (EAV) of potential policy options to address these challenges. A thorough comparative economic analysis is made of the EAV of a series of scenarios, based upon the policy options identified. The results confirm that complexity remains by far the greatest factor behind both the CIT gap and the high level of compliance costs for businesses. Insufficient transparency, lack ...

Member States have agreed that the definitive VAT reform in the EU should proceed only if it can be demonstrated that its impact on reducing the VAT gap is substantial and if the burden on businesses is also reduced. This study analyses these issues in detail, with a view to identifying possible challenges for the EU and on evaluating the European Added Value (EAV) of potential policy options to address these challenges. The study also includes a thorough comparative economic analysis of the EAV ...

The Directive on administrative cooperation (DAC) in the field of taxation provides the basis for information exchange on direct taxation within the EU. This European Implementation Assessment evaluates the implementation of the initial directive and the first three amendments (DAC1-4). Building mainly on interviews with tax administrations and a survey among stakeholders, this publication provides additional evidence on the directive’s effectiveness and external coherence, looking at its interaction ...

Taxation of the digital economy: Latest developments

Εν συντομία 15-12-2020

There is an important ongoing debate on the direct and indirect taxation of the digital economy. Proposals on digital taxes, which are under negotiation in the OECD, are inter-linked with European Commission proposals on the same subject. As the Council did not reach an agreement on the Commission proposal for a digital services tax, national initiatives appeared in the interim until a global solution in the area of direct taxation could be found in the OECD. On 1 December 2020, the Council endorsed ...