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State of the Schengen area

Briefing 12-12-2023

The development of the Schengen area is one of the major achievements of European integration. The removal of checks on persons at internal borders greatly facilitates the exercise of the EU freedoms of movement, which brings significant social and economic benefits. The Schengen area has come under increased stress in the past decade, owing to multiple challenges relating to increased migration into the EU, threats to internal security and the COVID 19 pandemic. In response to these challenges, ...

States must treat asylum-seekers and refugees according to the appropriate standards laid down in human rights and refugee law. The 2015 migration crisis revealed wide divergences in the level of reception conditions provided by Member States, which have persisted until today. While some are facing problems in ensuring adequate and dignified treatment of applicants, in others the standards of reception provided are more generous. This has led to secondary movements of asylum-seekers and refugees, ...

European Union (EU) Regulation 2018/1806, the Visa Regulation, determines the non-EU countries whose nationals are subject to, or exempt from, the visa requirement. The EU currently has a visa exemption regime with 61 non-EU countries – including two special administrative regions of China (Hong Kong and Macao) and one territorial authority (Taiwan) that is not recognised as a state by at least one EU Member State. By 1 January 2024, Kosovo will join the list. Under this regime, nationals from these ...

This Study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the LIBE Committee, assesses the state of play of the EU Schengen area and the latest legal and policy developments with direct relevance to the Schengen acquis. It analyses the impact of these developments, and the role of ‘declared crisis’, on the Schengen Borders Code, Luxembourg Court standards and EU Treaty principles and fundamental rights. The Study calls ...

Plenary round-up – December 2022

Εν συντομία 16-12-2022

The highlight of the December 2022 plenary session was the ceremony awarding the 2022 Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought to the brave people of Ukraine. Also, in a 'This is Europe' debate, the Prime Minister of Slovenia, Robert Golob, addressed the plenary. With Council and European Commission representatives, Members debated the preparation of the European Council meeting of 15 December 2022. A number of debates also took place: on the outcome of COP27; addressing persistent challenges in the ...

Plenary round-up – November I 2022

Εν συντομία 11-11-2022

The highlight of the November I 2022 plenary session was the debate on the conclusions of the European Council meeting of 20 21 October 2022, during which European Union leaders discussed the latest developments in Russia's military campaign against Ukraine, Europe's energy crisis, and external relations – with China in particular. Members also debated Commission statements on the outcome of the modernisation of the Energy Charter, the EU response to the increasing crack-down on protests in Iran, ...

Full application of the Schengen acquis in Croatia

Εν συντομία 07-11-2022

The Schengen area, which is free of systematic controls at internal borders, comprises 22 EU Member States and four non-EU associated countries. While four other Member States – Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania – are bound by the Schengen body of EU law (acquis), internal border controls have not yet been lifted for them. Following a positive Schengen evaluation of Croatia, the Council has prepared a draft decision on the full application of the Schengen acquis in Croatia, and requested the ...

Walls and fences at EU borders

Briefing 13-10-2022

The number of border walls and fences worldwide has increased dramatically in recent decades. This also holds for the EU/Schengen area, which is currently surrounded or criss-crossed by 19 border or separation fences stretching for more than 2 000 kilometres (km). Between 2014 and 2022, the aggregate length of border fences at the EU's external borders and within the EU/Schengen area grew from 315 km to 2 048 km. Two main official reasons are put forward for building border fences: to prevent irregular ...

The EU has imposed progressively harsher sanctions on Russia, first in response to Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea in 2014, and then in response to its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Successive packages of EU sanctions, adopted in the framework of the EU's common foreign and security policy, include entry restrictions for specific individuals linked to Russia's aggression against Ukraine. After partially suspending the EU-Russia visa facilitation agreement in February 2022 ...

The Schengen area without internal borders has been under stress over the past decade owing to several successive crises, including the sudden arrival of large numbers of people across the EU's external borders, persistent threats to internal security, and the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic. Although according to the Schengen rules the reintroduction of border controls at internal borders should be a temporary and exceptional measure, several Member States have maintained internal border controls ...