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The Court of Auditors

EU Fact Sheets 27-03-2024

The European Court of Auditors (ECA) is in charge of the audit of EU finances. As the EU’s external auditor, it contributes to improving EU financial management and acts as the independent guardian of the financial interests of the citizens of the Union.

The common agricultural policy (CAP) has undergone six major reforms, the most recent of which were in 2013 (for the 2014-2020 financial period) and 2021 (for the 2023-2027 financial period). The latest reform and new legislation came into force in January 2023.

Financing of the CAP: facts and figures

EU Fact Sheets 08-02-2024

For many years, the common agricultural policy (CAP) was financed from a single fund, the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF), which on 1 January 2007 was replaced by the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF) and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD). The CAP 2023-2027 regulation introduces a new delivery model (strategic plan) for all CAP expenditure.

Following the entry into force of the Treaty of Rome, Member States’ agricultural policies were replaced by intervention mechanisms at Community level. The foundations of the common agricultural policy (CAP) have remained unchanged since the Treaty of Rome, with the exception of rules relating to the decision-making procedure. The Treaty of Lisbon recognised codecision as the ‘ordinary legislative procedure’ for the CAP, in place of the consultation procedure.

WTO Agreement on Agriculture

EU Fact Sheets 07-12-2023

The domestic support systems in agriculture are governed by the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA), which entered into force in 1995 and was negotiated during the Uruguay Round (1986-1994). The long-term goal of the AoA is to establish a fair and market-oriented agricultural trading system and to initiate a reform process through the negotiations of commitments on support and protection, and through the establishment of strengthened and more operationally effective rules and discipline. Agriculture is ...

The European Union and forests

EU Fact Sheets 22-11-2023

As the Treaties make no specific reference to forests, the European Union does not have a common forestry policy. Therefore, it remains primarily a national competence. However, the EU has established a European forest strategy and supports many actions that have a significant impact on forests in the EU and in non-EU countries.

The Common Agricultural Policy in figures

EU Fact Sheets 28-04-2023

The tables below show basic statistical data in several areas relating to the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), namely: the agriculture and food industries in the Member States (Table II), the integration of environmental concerns into the CAP (Table III), the forestry sector (Table IV), CAP financing and expenditure (Tables I and V) and trade in agricultural and food products (Table VI).

The study aims, first, to provide the European Parliament with an overview of the challenges faced by the agricultural sector regarding the evolution of climate extreme events in the European Union. Then, the study highlights existing solutions to help farmers mitigate the effects of extreme weather events and recover from climate-related disasters. Finally, it analyses existing policy instruments supporting these solutions, including those promoted by Member States under the new CAP programming ...

The Council of Europe (CoE) has been playing a crucial role in the promotion of human rights, democracy and the rule of law for more than 70 years. The fight against corruption is essential for maintaining the rule of law. Corruption undermines the functioning of the state and public authorities at all levels and is a key enabler of organised crime. Effective anti-corruption frameworks, transparency and integrity in the exercise of state power can strengthen legal systems and trust in public authorities ...

While some areas of political finance regulation have experienced a significant convergence (e.g. the expansion of state funding for parties and other political entities and the establishment of disclosure requirements), largely as a result of international standards and monitoring, others exhibit major differences across the EU Member States (e.g. limits on private donations and on spending, disclosure thresholds, nature and quality of oversight). This study underlines the need to implement international ...