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This briefing, published by the European Parliamentary Research Service, aims to provide a broad range of key facts and figures about the European Parliament. Its many graphics offer a picture of the Parliament’s Members and the institution’s structures and activity in the current parliamentary term (July 2019 to June 2024) and in previous 5-year terms since direct elections were introduced in June 1979.

This briefing follows up the commitments made by the commissioner in 2019.

The EU supports the development of high-performing, sustainable and interconnected trans-European networks in the areas of transport, energy and digital infrastructure. It set up the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) as a dedicated financing instrument for the 2014-2020 period, to channel EU funding into the development of infrastructure networks, help eliminate market failures and attract further investment from the public and private sectors. Following a mid-term evaluation, the European Commission ...

Vice-President Dombrovskis and Commissioners Schmit and Gentiloni have been invited to an Economic Dialogue to discuss the 2021 European Semester Cycle, in line with the relevant EU law. This briefing note covers the main elements of the 2021 European Semester Package proposed by the Commission. It gives an overview of the implementation of the previous Semester Cycles and of the on-going work to strengthen the governance and the resilience of Economic and Monetary Union.

At the request of the ECON Committee, four papers were commissioned to external experts on the linkages between the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) and the European Semester (ES), as well as on the role of the European Parliament in the the RRF. In particular, experts were asked to assess whether and how the ES constitutes a suitable governance framework for the recovery measures, notably on: •the identification of the EU priority areas; •the analysis, the adoptions and the monitoring ...

Whereas economic governance is now undertaken in the EU through a regulated, 'hard' framework, there is no equivalent framework for social governance. At present, social governance in the EU functions mainly within the 'soft', unregulated realms, although it is also marked by some 'hard' governance mechanisms. This paper aims to give an overview of the social aspects of EU governance. It looks at existing EU social governance mechanisms and tools, including their current state of play, the debates ...

Mário Centeno has been invited to his second Economic Dialogue during this parliamentary term. The previous dialogue in the ECON Committee took place on 18 November 2019. The exchange of views with Member of the ECON Committee will cover the ongoing work of the Eurogroup, notably policy measures intended to combat the economic, financial and social consequences of the COVID-19. For an overview of the role of the President of the Eurogroup, please see Briefing: The role (and accountability) of ...

The European Semester is a framework for the coordination of economic policies across the European Union that was established after the European sovereign debt crisis. This paper aims to provide a simple but comprehensive introduction, explaining the main steps of the Semester from November to July each year. It also provides a short review of the academic and institutional debates around the Semester, before closing with the priorities in the relevant areas identified by the new European Commission ...

Multi-level governance requires the involvement of all levels of government, central, regional and local, in decision-making. Obstacles to appropriate and adequate involvement may lead to infringements of the principles of subsidiarity. However, under the cycle of EU economic and fiscal policy coordination known as the European Semester, local and regional administrations are considered to be 'stakeholders' – that is, they are not categorised as part of general government. Recent extension of the ...

The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) is the legal framework (based on primary and secondary EU law) that seeks to ensure sustainable public finances in the interest of the stability of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). It consists of two main building blocks: the preventive arm and the corrective arm. Stylised overviews, including on flexibility provisions (endorsed by the Council) within the existing rules of the SGP, are provided in the annexes. The main sources used in this briefing are primary ...