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The latest demographic data show that existing demographic tendencies, such as increasing median age, declining fertility rates and a shrinking working age population, continue to prevail. However, it is also becoming clear that the influence of the pandemic in 2021 was more significant than during the previous year – for instance, 'excess mortality' increased even further, while life expectancy decreased in many Member States. The pandemic also accelerated another phenomenon, present in our lives ...

Japan is aging fast. Its 'super-aged' society is the oldest in the world: 28.7 % of the population are 65 or older, with women forming the majority. The country is also home to a record 80 000 centenarians. By 2036, people aged 65 and over will represent a third of the population. Since 2011, the Japanese population has also been shrinking: it is a rare case of large country whose overall population is becoming smaller in prosperous and peaceful times. Japan's population is expected to drop from ...

This paper is the second in a series that EPRS is producing on the demographic outlook for the European Union (EU). Demography matters. The economy, labour market, healthcare, pensions, the environment, intergenerational fairness and election results – they are all driven by demography. The EU has seen its population grow substantially – by around a quarter since 1960 – and currently stands at over 500 million people. However, it is now beginning to stagnate, before its expected decline from around ...

Important effects of the ageing of its population will influence the future of the European Union (EU). The population is dramatically ageing, driven both by significant increases in life expectancy and by lower fertility rates than in the past. Population growth is therefore slowing down, along with an increasing old-age dependency ratio. Free movement within the EU, in particular east-west movement of EU citizens, has increased, reducing the population of some Member States, while increasing that ...

La Unión Europea ha experimentado un crecimiento sustancial de su población —de en torno a un cuarto en las cinco décadas y media transcurridas desde 1960— hasta alcanzar el nivel actual de más de 500 millones de habitantes. No obstante, en la actualidad esta población está aumentando demasiado despacio e incluso está previsto que a largo plazo se reduzca. Es probable que las cuestiones demográficas ejerzan un impacto considerable en la sociedad de la Unión. La mayoría de los modelos empleados para ...

This paper is the first in an annual series which EPRS will be producing on the demographic outlook for the European Union (EU). Demography matters. The economy, labour market, healthcare, pensions, the environment, intergenerational fairness and election results – they are all driven by demography. The European Union (EU) has seen its population grow substantially – by around a quarter in the five and a half decades since 1960 – and it currently stands at over 500 million people. However, it is ...

The EU has been working on reforming family leave policies in Member States since the 1980s. Its efforts resulted in two currently valid directives: the 1992 Maternity Leave Directive and the 2010 Parental Leave Directive. Even though EU Member States’ transposition of the current directives has been mostly satisfactory technically, in 2015 the Commission announced a package on work-life balance which would replace the current legislation. The rationale for the new package is increasing female labour ...

The European Union is in the midst of three crises: the economic, the demographic and the refugee. This study evaluates policies aiming at increasing fertility through work-life balance, reveals their interrelation with family policies and economic priorities and suggests ways of addressing challenges on all three fronts with the view to minimise their gendered outcomes.

In 2002, the European Council decided in Barcelona to set targets for the availability of childcare facilities. Member States agreed to provide childcare by 2010 to at least 90% of children between 3 years old and the mandatory school age and to at least 33% of children under 3 years of age. The Workshop organised by the Policy Department takes stock of the situation in Belgium, France, Germany, Latvia, the Netherlands, and Slovakia. Besides, analyses are presented of the effects of the crisis and ...

El presente estudio ofrece una visión global de las estructuras y tendencias demográficas regionales de la UE centrándose en sus posibles efectos sobre la cohesión socioeconómica y territorial y el papel de la política de cohesión a la hora de afrontar el cambio demográfico. Analiza detalladamente cómo y hasta qué punto la política europea de cohesión 2007-2013 y los Fondos Estructurales han afrontado el cambio demográfico a escala regional a fin de extraer indicaciones útiles sobre la forma en que ...