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La pesca y la acuicultura se encuentran entre los sectores alimentarios más afectados por la COVID-19. En un principio, la mayoría de los países intentaron garantizar la salud y la seguridad mediante el cierre de puertos, poniendo en cuarentena buques extranjeros, cerrando lonjas al aire libre, desinfectando puertos y barcos pesqueros, proporcionando mascarillas a los trabajadores y sensibilizando sobre medidas sanitarias.

This document aims to provide a picture of the EU car industry, in particular by looking at car production trends since 2000, at the number of enterprises and the turnover they generated in 2011, and at certain specific developments in the years 2008 to 2011. We learn that the sector employs more than 2 million persons. In 2011, despite the recovery being reflected in a 5% increase in 2011 EU aggregate turnover relative to that of 2008, enterprises manufacturing parts and accessories for motor vehicles ...

Standard terms contracts' are an inevitable part of everyday transactions for both businesses and consumers. Parties using such contracts may, however, rely on their advantageous position in order to impose unfair terms on the other contracting party. This has prompted national courts and legislatures to implement measures aimed at combating such terms. In order to bring about harmonisation of such measures in consumer contracts, the EU enacted the Unfair Terms Directive in 1993. The Commission's ...

In recent years, an extensive debate has evolved on the need for harmonisation of European sales law, with the existing diversity of contract laws in Member States being perceived as a barrier to trade and hence as burdensome for the European internal market. In November 2010 the European Commission commissioned a study supporting its Impact Assessment (IA) preparation on this matter. This report suggests that differences in contract law between Member States (MS) do create a barrier to trade, and ...

This note analyses the Impact Assessment (IA) accompanying the Commission Proposal for a Regulation on a Common European Sales Law from a methodological point of view, without dealing with the substance of the proposal. In general, the IA seems to respect the methodological requirements the Commission has imposed upon itself in it Impact Assessment Guidelines. The problems to be addressed by the proposed legislation are clearly explained, related to the underlying problem drivers and logically presented ...

This briefing note explains the problems which the Common European Sales Law (CESL) sets out to solve, to what extent it actually achieves those goals and where the proposal leaves room for improvement. The paper focuses on consumer contracts concluded between parties located within the EU. It intentionally leaves the many complicated and technical details of Private International Law aside in order to make the basic structures of the current system more visible so that the usefulness of a CESL can ...

This paper provides a comment on the legislative history of the Common European Sales Law from the perspective of a former rapporteur. It dealings particularly with the importance of many of the practical surrounding and related measures such as the provision of standard terms and conditions of trade and ADR and ODR necessary to make the proposal a success.

The drafting of the Commission’s current proposal for a CESL is analysed and assessed. Recommendations for improving the drafting are made. The most important recommendation is to allow for sufficient time during the legislative process in order to avoid the technical mistakes that can be found in the proposal in its current form.

This briefing note summarises the observations and recommendations set out in the European Law Institute’s Statement on the CESL. It is divided into two parts. The first deals with the content of the proposed Regulation. The second deals with measures relating to effective implementation.

With reference to B2C transactions, the proposed CESL regulation seems to create unneeded complexity of the legal framework in which consumers and business have to operate, while establishing a burdensome procedure for the choice of CESL as applicable law in the contract. Apart from giving out a certain unease regarding the level of consumer protection afforded by the proposed regulation, such a procedure is likely to discourage both consumers and traders from opting in the system. As to B2B transactions ...