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Entre 1996 y 2009 se adoptaron tres paquetes de medidas legislativas consecutivos con el fin de armonizar y liberalizar el mercado interior de la energía de la Unión. Dichos paquetes de medidas abordaban el acceso al mercado, la transparencia y la regulación, la protección de los consumidores, el apoyo a la interconexión y los niveles de suministro adecuados. Gracias a dichas medidas, los nuevos proveedores de gas y electricidad pueden acceder a los mercados de los Estados miembros, mientras que ...

This study identifies selected important competition-related issues in the internal energy market. It discusses the role of competition law with respect to the following issues: State aid, congestion management, capacity remuneration mechanisms, balancing markets, effective competition between suppliers, integration of new players in the market, and energy poverty. To tackle these present and possible upcoming issues, the study provides indications regarding the current and future need for applying ...

The liberalisation of air transport, which resulted in the creation of new routes and new business models for airlines, in particular the development of low-cost carriers, has led to lower fares and wider access to air transport. In many countries, air transport is a catalyst for tourism development. As low-cost carriers in the EU have experienced substantial growth, serving mostly short-haul destinations, they are increasingly looking into investing into the long-haul market for their future development ...

La política de transportes forma parte de los ámbitos políticos comunes desde hace más de treinta años. Se inició con la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea de 22 de mayo de 1985 sobre el recurso por omisión presentado por el Parlamento Europeo contra el Consejo. Junto con la apertura de los mercados del transporte a la competencia y la creación de las redes transeuropeas, el principio de la «movilidad sostenible» irá ganando cada vez más importancia de aquí a 2020, en particular ...

Consumers are considered a key element of EU energy legislation and the efforts to achieve a transition to a carbon-free society. Back in 2009, the third energy package, which sought to establish a liberalised internal energy market, granted energy consumers a number of rights, such as the right to an electricity connection, to switch energy providers and to receive clear offers, contracts and energy bills. However, some of these rights have not yet been put into practice: consumers often do not ...

The study will describe the challenges for competition policy in relation to the internal energy market. It explores the specific topics related to the internal energy market and analyses the competition policy issues arising from the topics. The study will mainly focus on competition policy and its instruments such as anti-trust laws, merger regulation, sector regulation and State aid. Other policy fields fall outside the scope. This presentation of the approach and preliminary results was prepared ...

The IA appears to present a good and comprehensive analysis to identify the problems in the status quo, define the objectives of EU action, delineate policy options that can fulfil those objectives, assess the impacts of those options, and choose the best options to address the identified problems. This process seems to be based on sound data and research. In the explanation of the objectives, however, the distinction between what the IA refers to as the sub-objectives and the operational objectives ...

A raíz de la aprobación de varios actos legislativos europeos, se han liberalizado progresivamente tanto los transportes internacionales por carretera como el cabotaje de mercancías y personas.

The new proposals build on previous legislation and continue to gradually implement an internal energy market. In particular, they look to incorporate recent changes, such as the rapid increase in renewables and technological advances relating to the digitalisation of services. They also attempt to clarify previous legislation such as in the case of storage for Transmission System Operators (TSOs) for example. As with the recent proposals on security of gas supply, the Commission looks to incorporate ...

En 2013, con objeto de mejorar la eficiencia comercial y aumentar la transparencia financiera de los principales puertos marítimos de la Unión, la Comisión Europea propuso un nuevo reglamento. Tras un acuerdo con el Consejo en la negociación tripartita, el nuevo reglamento se votará en el Pleno de diciembre. Al contrario que propuestas anteriores, rechazadas, sobre los puertos, esta no afectará a las normas sociales y laborales de los Estados miembros.