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Mode 5 refers to services which are incorporated into goods which are then traded across international borders. Unlike traditional services, Mode 5 services are not subject to the existing international trade regime under the WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Rather, they are subject to trade rules under the framework that governs trade in goods. As a consequence, trade in Mode 5 services is not fully liberalised, even though liberalisation would be in the best interest of international ...

Käesolevas uurimuses vastandatakse tollikontrolli praegune roll välispiiril sellega, milline see peaks olema. Tolli- ja piirivalveametnike osaluse märkimisväärne tasakaalustamatus takistab piirikontrolli sujuvat läbiviimist ning kujutab endast liidule ja selle kodanikele julgeolekuriski, mis hõlmab ka terrorirünnakuid. Uurimuses analüüsitakse tasakaalustamatuse põhjuseid ja esitatakse sobilikud lahendused, mis on kooskõlas rahvusvaheliste standarditega.