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This note is prepared in view of a regular public hearing with the Chair of the Supervisory Board of the European Central Bank (ECB), Andrea Enria, which will take place on 14 October 2021. The briefing addresses: 1) Emerging risks in the banking group, as presented to the Eurogroup, 2) results of EBA’s and ECB’s 2021 stress test exercises, 3) the Basel Committee report on early lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic on the Basel reforms, 4) the ECB report on sanctioning activities, 5) the ECB Supervisory ...

'Independent fiscal institutions', or in some cases 'fiscal institutions', are an integral part of the EU's economic governance framework. This paper provides an introduction to these bodies and their role, the EU legal framework that underpins them, and a summary of the recent discussion around them in the context of the review of the wider economic governance framework in the European Union.

This briefing provides an overview of the advisory role played by independent national fiscal bodies in the preparations of the budgets of the EU Member States. The briefing is updated regularly. The objective of the analysis is twofold: 1) to give an overview of the set-up and functioning of these independent fiscal bodies based on the most recent assessments by the European Commission. 2) to give an overview of the extent to which the latest Stability or Convergence Programmes and the Draft ...

On the back of a number of high profile cases and alleged cases of money laundering, this briefing presents current initiatives and actions aiming at reinforcing the anti-money laundering supervisory and regulatory framework in the EU. This briefing first outlines (1) the EU supervisory architecture and the respective roles of European and national authorities in applying anti-money laundering legislation that have been further specified in the 5th AML Directive and (2) ways that have been proposed ...

One of the key lessons learned from the financial crisis in 2007-2008 is that in order to reduce the direct and indirect costs of bank failures for national governments, one has to have a credible framework in place to deal with banks’ failures, including clear rules as to the allocation of losses and the conditions attached to the use of common resources, to provide strong incentives for taking measures of precaution in good times and minimise losses in times of crisis. To that end, Europe has put ...

This note seeks to provide an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's impact assessment (IA) accompanying the above proposal, adopted on 20 September 2017 and referred to Parliament's Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON). Against the backdrop of the financial crisis and global efforts to safeguard financial stability, in 2011 the EU established three European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs) for the supervision of individual banking, investment, insurance ...

The European Commission has proposed the revision of the Consumer Protection Cooperation (CPC) Regulation, to broaden its scope and strengthen the powers of the national authorities cooperating on cross-border EU consumer-law infringements. Three rounds of trilogue negotiations produced a provisional agreement in June 2017, now awaiting a first-reading vote in plenary in November.

Ydinvoimalat tuottavat nykyisin noin kolmanneksen EU:ssa kulutetusta sähköstä ja 14 prosenttia kulutetusta energiasta. Ydinenergia on fossiilisten polttoaineiden vähähiilinen vaihtoehto, ja se on tärkeä osa monien jäsenvaltioiden energiantuotantoa. Ydinenergia on kuitenkin ollut hyvin kiistelty aihe Tšernobylissä vuonna 1986 ja Fukushimassa Japanissa vuonna 2011 tapahtuneiden ydinonnettomuuksien vuoksi. Painetta ydinvoimasta luopumiseen Euroopassa ovat lisänneet Saksan päätös luopua vaiheittain ydinenergian ...

Henkilötietojen suoja ja yksityiselämän kunnioittaminen ovat merkittäviä perusoikeuksia. Euroopan parlamentti on aina korostanut tarvetta säilyttää tasapaino turvallisuuden lisäämisen sekä ihmisoikeuksien, tietosuojan ja yksityisyyden turvaamisen välillä. EU:n tietosuojauudistuksessa lujitetaan kansalaisten oikeuksia parantamalla heidän mahdollisuuksiaan valvoa itseään koskevia tietoja ja varmistamalla, että heidän yksityisyyttään suojataan jatkossakin digitaalisella aikakaudella.

This study deals with the prevalence of corruption in the EU and describes the action taken to address the problem. It focuses on initiatives and policies implemented by governments at national, regional and local levels in eight selected Member States ranging from north to south and from west to east: Finland, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Croatia, Romania and Bulgaria. The perception of corruption among citizens, the legal, institutional and policy framework, as well as some best ...