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Global material use has tripled during the past four decades, in particular as a result of increasing living standards. The use of materials, which need to be extracted from our environment, can pose environmental challenges. It can also be threatened by resource scarcity and price volatility. This is particularly true for Europe, which is strongly dependent on imported materials. There are a number of ways to consider material use in the European Union (EU). The breakdown of material use by types ...

The European Parliament has adopted a resolution that proposes focusing Research and Development on the substitution of critical raw materials to support sustainable development and encourage growth in the European economy. This study addresses the question of which measures could foster the substitution of critical raw materials in the European Union. The main conclusion of the study is that the substitution of critical raw materials needs consistent and multidisciplinary research and development ...