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This study forms part of a larger comparative law project which seeks to present the rule of law in a broad range of legal orders around the world. The subject of this study is the United States federal legal system. It presents the main relevant sources regarding the rule of law (legislation in force, case law and literature) in the US. America’s rule of law principles have origins in selected philosophies, legal histories, and lived experiences. With this background, America’s Founders created ...

In July 2022, the European Commission published its third annual rule of law report, featuring for the first time country-specific recommendations for each Member State. A motion for a resolution tabled by the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE) notes that, while the Commission has partially addressed Parliament's requests in its resolutions on the previous annual rule of law reports, they need to be addressed in their entirety.

Following the division of the Korean peninsula into a southern and a northern part at the end of the Second World War, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) was established in its southern part in 1948. The 1950 attack by the communist regime established in the northern part provoked a three-year war, which completely devastated the peninsula. When an armistice was signed in 1953, the Republic of Korea was one of the poorest countries in the world. Its political system was marked by a very strong attitude ...

This study, written by the Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs, at the request of the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs - Democracy, Rule of Law and Fundamental Rights Monitoring Group, examines the situation of Democracy, the Rule of Law and Fundamental Rights in Malta and how Article 2 TEU values are respected and implemented in the country.

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in a broad range of areas is the subject of wide debate at EU level. Establishing an EU approach to AI is one of the European Commission's digital priorities, as illustrated by the proposal on an artificial intelligence act. Despite the great opportunities they offer, AI applications can also entail significant risks to people's fundamental rights. At the October I plenary session, the European Parliament is due to debate an own-initiative report on the use ...

This In-Depth Analysis, written by the Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the European Parliament's Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs, examines the situation of Democracy, the Rule of Law and Fundamental Rights in Bulgaria and how Article 2 TEU values are respected and implemented in the country.

This study forms part of a larger comparative law project which seeks to study the way that the principles of equality and non-discrimination have developed and are demonstrated in a broad range of legal systems around the world. The subject of this study is the principles of equality and non-discrimination in the United States federal legal system. It provides a brief history of the evolution of the principles of equality and non-discrimination developed in United States federal law and major events ...

With an area of nearly 8.5 million km2 and a population of around 212 million (approximately twice the size of the EU with half the population), Brazil is Latin America's largest and most populated country, the biggest democracy (and, despite many observers' concerns over the current state of democracy) one of the freest countries) in the region. It is politically organised as a Federative Republic, formed by the Union, 26 states, 5 570 municipalities and the Federal District (Brasilia). The Brazilian ...

On 10 December 2020, the European Council reached an agreement on the implementation of the regulation linking EU funding to respect for the rule of law. Hungary and Poland, in opposing this new mechanism, had been blocking the Union’s new budget but have now agreed to a compromise. The regulation on the rule of law is part of the package on the multiannual financial framework (MFF) for 2021-2027 and the Next Generation EU recovery instrument. The Parliament is due to vote in December at second reading ...

With the future (1) Rights and Values, (2) Justice and (3) Creative Europe programmes, the European Commission aims to protect better EU rights and values; to develop further a European area of justice; and to support European cultural and creative sectors and audiovisual works under the 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework. This initial appraisal of the Commission’s impact assessment on the proposal finds that the impact assessment is substantiated by various evaluations, studies and consultations ...