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Consular protection is one of the rights derived from EU citizenship, a fundamental right in the EU legal framework. Directive 2015/637 on the coordination and cooperation measures to facilitate consular protection for unrepresented EU citizens in third countries obliges any Member State to offer unrepresented EU citizens in third countries the same protection as it provides for its own nationals. In practice, unrepresented EU citizens can seek assistance, for instance, an emergency travel document ...

The Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between the European Union (EU) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC), provisionally in force since October 2016, comprises the EU and its Member States, on the one hand, and Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa and Eswatini (formerly Swaziland), on the other. Its stated objectives include poverty reduction, regional integration, capacity-building and economic growth. This study aims to provide an overview of the implementation ...

Common foreign and security policy (CFSP) has a particular status in the EU legal framework, part of which is the unanimity rule within the Council. This report analyses decision-making rules in CFSP from a 'cost of non-Europe' perspective. It identifies CFSP challenges and the extent to which they could be attributed to unanimity. This allows us to identify the current 'cost of unanimity'. The report also analyses possible alternatives to unanimity decision-making in CFSP, such as a switch to qualified ...

This study analyses the early outcomes, benefits, risks and challenges linked to the implementation of the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), in provisional application since January 2021 and in force since 1 May 2021, for the EU and its Member States. Its chief focus is on the implementation of the level-playing-field provisions – in particular, those dealing with environmental and social/labour rights protection – and on trade flows between the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom ...

This study examines the implementation of the European Union (EU) Guidelines on Human Rights Defenders, which constitute the policy framework and provide the operational means for protecting human rights activists in third countries. The first part of the study, written internally, provides an institutional perspective of the implementation of the Guidelines. It assesses the development of the EU framework to support human rights defenders, including EU Member States' emergency measures, and evaluates ...

The European Commission is proposing a new General Scheme of Preferences regulation to replace the current one that expires at the end of 2023. This initial appraisal of the Commission’s impact assessment (IA) on the proposal finds that the IA logically links the problems, their drivers, the objectives and the policy interventions under consideration. However, the IA remains evasive on the impacts of crucial aims of the regulation -- poverty eradication and advancing sustainable development and good ...

This study examines the implementation of the European Union (EU) defence package, which consists of the Defence Procurement Directive 2009/81/EC and the Intra-Community Transfers Directive 2009/43/EC, during the period from 2016 to 2020. It is organised in two parts. The first part of the study, prepared internally, examines the evaluations carried out on the implementation of the two directives to identify persisting challenges. It surveys institutional and policy novelties in the field of EU defence ...

La présente étude thématique, la troisième de la collection «Paix et sécurité», porte sur la contribution de l’Union européenne (UE) à la résolution des conflits au Sahel, au rétablissement de la stabilité et à l’instauration de la paix dans la région. Chaque année, les études publiées dans cette collection examinent les résultats obtenus par l’Union dans le domaine de la paix et de la sécurité dans une région donnée. La présente étude fait le point sur la mobilisation de l’Union au Sahel, en particulier ...

La présente étude thématique, la deuxième de la collection « Paix et sécurité », porte sur les efforts déployés par l’Union européenne (UE) en vue de soutenir la paix en Colombie. Chaque année, les études publiées dans cette collection évaluent les résultats obtenus par l’Union dans le domaine de la paix et de la sécurité dans une région donnée. La présente étude d’impact examine l’action menée par l’Union européenne au cours du conflit qui a sévi pendant 50 ans en Colombie et met l’accent sur la ...

This evaluation of the EU Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP) focuses on the incentives in the GSP provisions that aim to push beneficiaries to comply with human rights and the extent to which these have been implemented and have had an impact on poverty reduction and good governance. The annexed economic evaluation of the GSP Regulation examines three inter-related questions: how beneficiaries have graduated from the GSP and what role preferences have played; how trade relations between the ...