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Cette étude, commandée par le département thématique des droits des citoyens et des affaires constitutionnelles du Parlement européen à la demande de la commission des libertés civiles, de la justice et des affaires intérieures, analyse les deux directives portant sur des normes applicables aux organismes pour l’égalité de traitement proposées par la Commission en 2022 et formule des recommandations à leur sujet. L’étude examine la situation actuelle des organismes pour l’égalité de traitement. Elle ...

Cette étude, commandée par le département thématique des droits des citoyens et des affaires constitutionnelles du Parlement européen à la demande de la commission des pétitions, examine les progrès effectués en matière de reconnaissance mutuelle du statut de personne handicapée dans l’Union européenne et les difficultés rencontrées. La définition et les pratiques de l’évaluation du handicap varient selon les États membres et les différents domaines d’action. Les pétitions de citoyens font part de ...

This briefing was prepared by the Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs upon request of the EP Committee of Inquiry to investigate the use of Pegasus and equivalent surveillance spyware for its mission to Cyprus and Greece, from 1 to 4 November 2022.

La présente étude, commandée par le département thématique des droits des citoyens et des affaires constitutionnelles du Parlement européen, à la demande de la commission AFCO, porte sur les procédures législatives prévues par les traités. Elle porte sur les procédures législatives spéciales dans lesquelles le Parlement ou le Conseil adopte un acte avec la participation (consultation ou approbation) de l’autre institution. Cela ne signifie toutefois pas que l’institution participante ne peut influer ...

Since June 2017, several significant developments have occurred in relation to the ratification process of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between the EU and Canada. This updates an earlier 'at a glance' note, published in June 2017.

On 28 October 2016, the Council decided to sign the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), and on 15 February 2017 the European Parliament gave its consent to the agreement's conclusion. As CETA is a mixed agreement, the EU Member States are currently in the process of ratifying it in accordance with their constitutional requirements. Only after all have done so, can the Council adopt a decision to conclude CETA, after which the agreement will enter into force.

The founding fathers drafting the US Constitution designed the government so that each branch had a check on the others, in order that no single branch would have absolute power. The Supreme Court's main method of controlling the power of the legislative branch is judicial review. Under this principle, it has the power to examine laws and declare them unconstitutional. While the US Constitution holds that democracy is the appropriate process for change, the Court has now ruled, in Obergefell v. Hodges ...

On 22 January 2015, the European Central Bank (ECB) launched its Expanded Asset Purchase Programme (more commonly known as quantitative easing, or QE) with the aim of reviving the euro area economy. This unconventional monetary policy instrument – under which the European Central Bank will create new money to purchase euro-denominated, investment-grade securities issued by euro area governments and European institutions – has generated lively debate among policy practitioners, academics and the media ...

This study investigates national constitutional limits to further EU integration and explores ways to overcome them. It includes an in-depth examination of the constitutional systems of 12 Member States (Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and the United Kingdom) and a bird’s eye view of all Member States. EU integration can be advanced by avoiding substantive constitutional obstacles in various ways. Overcoming the substantive ...

This study seeks to identify the policy and legal instruments enabling better transparency, democracy and division of powers to be achieved within the EU. After analysing the current relations between the Member States and the EU it proposes alternative solutions in particular on the balance of powers.