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Our infographic provides an insight into the economic performance of Nigeria compared to the EU, and looks at the trade dynamics between the two. While GDP growth in Nigeria recovered quickly after a slight recession in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a growing unemployment rate combined with rising inflation represent an economic challenge to the African country. Nigeria is an oil exporter, and the absence of local oil refinery capacities provides an opportunity for some EU Member States - mainly ...

On 25 February 2023, after an electoral campaign held amidst rising insecurity and economic turmoil, Nigerians will elect their new president and federal legislature. The way this very competitive election is conducted, and its outcome, will have a sizeable effect on sub-Saharan Africa's largest economy, African democracy and the future of Africa's relations with the European Union (EU) and the rest of the Western world.

The cross-border dimension of the Boko Haram insurgency – one of the world's deadliest terrorist groups – has compelled the countries in the Lake Chad basin to coordinate their fight against it. Launched in 2014, the Multinational Joint Task Force has weakened the group, without fully defeating it. The acute humanitarian situation calls for an approach that goes beyond military intervention. This 'at a glance' note updates a previous edition from March 2015.

Despite its democratic progress, Nigeria's human rights situation remains problematic. The most egregious violations occur in the context of the internal fight against the Boko Haram insurgency. Other widespread patterns of human rights violations relate mainly to weak rule of law and an intricate legal system, impunity of security forces, and discriminatory social practices.

Following general elections in March 2015, Nigeria experienced its first democratic handover of power. Unlike other elections since the 1999 democratic transition, these elections ran unmarred by suspicions of vote rigging and widespread electoral violence. The elected president, Muhammadu Buhari, won with a promise to crack down on endemic corruption.

After years of sustained growth, Nigeria is now Africa's biggest economy. However, with oil and gas as the main source of foreign exchange and federal government revenue, it is suffering from the fall in oil prices. Nigeria is yet to transform into a diversified and competitive modern economy. This publication updates an EPRS note of May 2015, PE 556.984.

While Nigeria is Africa's largest nation and its biggest economy, in social indicators it often ranks below the Sub-Saharan Africa average. Oil wealth has brought only limited social progress, and with population growth set to continue unabated for many years to come, Nigeria needs to improve social services and labour market access for the young.

As a security actor, Nigeria provides a contrasting picture. While the country has asserted its role as a major security player in western Africa and on the African continent, where it has taken part in numerous peace operations; at home, its security forces have had difficulty tackling multiple internal security threats, including terrorism, sectarian conflicts and local insurgencies.

En 2050, le christianisme restera la première religion professée dans le monde, devant l'islam qui comptera presque autant de fidèles. Pourtant, cette prévision ne doit pas cacher que le christianisme reste très divers, entre catholiques, orthodoxes et protestants, et que les dynamiques démographiques sont différentes pour chaque branche. Tout en restant la religion la plus professée, le christianisme est minoritaire dans de nombreuses régions du monde, où diverses communautés sont la cible de discriminations ...

South Africa's continental leadership is increasingly under pressure, seen for example in the fact that Nigeria became Africa's largest economy in 2014. South Africa still maintains its lead in the mining, car-making and financial services sectors, and is a well-functioning democracy. However, its material basis of power is shrinking, in particular because of a net slowdown in economic growth in the wake of the global financial crisis. A volatile international economic environment and internal structural ...