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Since the 1980s onset of intensified sales competition between American and European civil aircraft manufacturers, aircraft trade has been a point of contention in transatlantic trade. Between 1992 and 2004, the Bilateral Agreement on Trade in Large Civil Aircraft regulated the permitted levels of support to aircraft manufacturers. In 2003, Europe's Airbus sold more large civil aircraft than United States-owned Boeing for the first time. The following year, the USA renounced the agreement and launched ...

On 3 January 2020, a United States (US) strike outside Baghdad killed Iranian General Qasem Soleimani, the leader of the al-Qods force within the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IGRC), and arguably the second most important man in Iran after Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. The assassination was a reaction to an escalation in the growing conflict between the USA and Iran. Iran retaliated on 8 January 2020, by attacking two US bases in Iraq with missiles; luckily – or intentionally – without ...

A strong military presence helps Russia to maintain control over the ex-Soviet republics of eastern Europe, which it sees as its legitimate sphere of influence. Some troops are stationed in agreement with the country concerned, whereas others operate in pro-Russian separatist territories in defiance of the internationally recognised authorities. The main recent changes are the military build-up in the occupied territory of Crimea and an alleged Russian presence in the Donbass.

In more than 260 trans­boundary watercourses around the world, the closely linked issues of energy, water and agriculture cause difficulties. Tensions between energy-starved Tajikistan and cotton-producing Uzbekistan over the planned Rogun hydro-electric dam illustrate the continuing 'water versus energy' debate. At the same time, the scarcity of water resources in Central Asia is often caused by mismanagement.

EU-NATO partnership in stagnation

Briefing 04-09-2012

EU-NATO relations are stagnating while the alliance goes through an identity crisis and the EU makes slow progress on the path towards a European Defence and Security Policy.

Analysts concurred with the European Commission that the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) is making progress but challenges remain. Reactions within the country centred on the name dispute with Greece which continues to block the start of accession talks.

The EU's enlargement to include countries of the Western Balkans is following the same procedure as that which applied in previous enlargements. However, following experiences gained in previous enlargements, there is a stronger focus on implementation prior to accession, with the introduction of benchmarks at all stages of the procedure.

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Kratki prikaz 01-04-2011

Observers agreed with the European Commission's finding that progress was steady in some areas but lacking in others. The government has pledged further reform. Skopje's ambition to join the EU hinges on resolving the name dispute with Greece, and maintaining political and ethnic stability at home.