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Besides huge human losses and destruction, Russia's unprovoked invasion of Ukraine – the 'breadbasket of Europe' – has triggered energy and food supply challenges, exacerbating existing food systems vulnerabilities, already weakened under the effect of climate change and the COVID 19 pandemic. Fears of an unprecedented global food crisis similar to, or even worse than, the 2007 2008 crisis have mounted, magnifying ripple effects for security, migration and political instability. The supply shock ...

Russia’s war on Ukraine has sent global food prices soaring. It has fuelled inflation in the European Union, the United States and many other countries, while threatening hunger in some poorer regions. Russia and Ukraine play a major role in food and fertiliser supply. They export about 30 per cent of the world’s wheat and 75 per cent of its sunflower oil. Some countries in Africa and the Middle East are nearly 100-per cent dependent on Russian or Ukrainian food. According to the United Nations Food ...

Canada is looking to diversify its trade partners in order to reduce its dependence on the US business cycle. The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between the EU and Canada entered into force provisionally in September 2017. What goods and services is the EU exporting to Canada? How do the growth rates of Canada and the EU compare over the last decade? Who has a higher female labour market participation rate? How much have the FDI net inflows dropped since the financial crisis? You ...

How fast is Tunisia's economy growing? How was its economy affected by the 'Arab Spring' events? How many women in Tunisia have a job? What is the unemployment rate? Which country is Tunisia's biggest trading partner? What kind of products does the EU import from Tunisia? How does Tunisia benefit from remittances sent by the Tunisian diaspora? What is the EU's disbursement of external aid to Tunisia? You can find the answers to these and other questions in our EPRS publication on Tunisia: Economic ...

This study was prepared for Policy Department A at the request of the Environmental, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI) Committee, and updates the earlier 2013 briefing. It provides an overview of the food safety situation in Ireland. It outlines the Irish food and drink industry, the structure and organisation of the food safety and control system involved in food safety in Ireland and a description of current food safety issues in Ireland. An overview of the structure and competencies of the ...

Trade and economic relations with China 2015

Detaljna analiza 23-06-2015

The EU's trade and economic relations with China, the global leader in trade, are generally good, and the number of disputes reasonable. Yet the EU is dissatisfied with China's reluctance to fully implement its commitments to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and, more generally, with its protectionist measures, which often hurt EU interests. For its part, Beijing is still dissatisfied with the EU's refusal to grant the country 'market economy' status and with other measures it believes limit China's ...

In this briefing, we assess the role of intermediaries and wholesalers in international trade based on the existing theory and empirical evidence. In all countries examined, a relevant share of international trade (on average more than 10%) occurs through intermediaries. Especially small and less efficient firms can export thanks to the presence of intermediaries operating on a larger scale and exploiting economies of scale. Intermediaries therefore can increase the amount of exports and the extent ...

Available information on the implementation of the ELV Directive suggests that there is still room for improvement regarding management of end-of-life vehicles in Europe. The study evaluates and discusses fundamental aspects of ELV management such as arisings, legal and illegal shipment, de-pollution and recycling & recovery of end-of-life vehicles. Existing problems are described and recommendations for improvements of the practical implementation are given.

Fishing in Estonia

Detaljna analiza 26-05-2007

Briefing note for the Delegation of the Committee on Fisheries to Estonia from 28 to 30 June 2007. The note describes the fisheries sector in Estonia. It also describes the regulation of fishing in the Baltic Sea and the methods by which the Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQs) system is applied in Estonia.

Development thinking towards small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has shifted in its emphasis over the years. In the 1980s, led by the World Bank’s “Get your prices right” approach, small firm policy was focused on economic development through business development and access to capital. During this time SMEs were hailed, as had trade been before them (Lewis, 1954), as the new engine of growth for developing countries (DCs). By the 1990s the emphasis had shifted towards social development and ...