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This study has been drawn up by the European Added Value Unit within the European Parliament's Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services. It is part of a research project to better define the concepts of the cost of non-Europe and of European added value. The study recounts the development of these concepts and specifically how they have been used to support the European Parliament's work in setting the legislative agenda. It also presents their theoretical underpinnings and the main ...

This position paper argues that the macroprudential policy framework should include the non-bank financial sector. As this sector is much more diverse than the banking sector, applying macroprudential instruments to non-banks is not the way forward. Instead, appropriate stress-testing that takes the interconnected nature of the sector into account in combination with proper microprudential regulation is more desirable. This approach is illustrated for the case of money market funds in the EU.

This paper considers initiatives funded by the RRF to support SMEs in the digital transition. It concludes that while there are many areas of good practice, risks remain due to the lack of outcome-based targets, the complexity of some schemes and relatively low levels of funding in relation to the ambition in some cases. Introducing targets based on (preferably harmonised) skills frameworks and digital maturity assessments could help establish the value add of initiatives to support SMEs.

The negative impact of the COVID-19 crisis on women's social and economic situation triggered a debate on the urgent need for a gender-sensitive policy response to the pandemic. In this context, the establishment of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) – the EU's biggest financial instrument supporting recovery in the Member States – is an opportunity to channel extraordinary resources toward measures that take into account the principles of gender equality. It is also a chance to put into ...

Executive Vice-President Dombrovskis and Commissioner Gentiloni have been invited to an Economic Dialogue on the fiscal part of the 2022 European Semester autumn package adopted by the Commission in November 2021. The fiscal elements of the package include the Commission Opinions on euro area 2022 Draft Budgetary Plans, the fiscal policy recommendation for the euro area and some elements of the 2022 Alert Mechanism Report. In March 2020, the general escape clause of the Stability and Growth Pact ...

A new database on exceptional fiscal spending adopted during the COVID-19 crisis is presented for 14 EU countries. The composition and evolution of fiscal measures differ across countries. We analyse (a) whether national economic characteristics determined the type of fiscal response adopted and (b) how the different fiscal measures affected the macroeconomic outcomes and consumer confidence. We assess whether measures have been sufficiently targeted and make recommendations as to which adjustments ...

This note presents the EU Member States' situation with respect to the Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure (MIP), taking into account the most recent assessments and decisions by the European Commission and the Council. It presents the relations between the MIP and the Recovery and Resilience Facility, and the MIP in the context of the review of the EU economic governance. It also gives an overview of relevant positions taken on the MIP by EU institutions. A separate EGOV note summarises the Macroeconomic ...

The EU's binding climate and energy legislation for 2030 requires Member States to adopt national energy and climate plans (NECPs) covering the period 2021 to 2030. In October 2020, the European Commission published an assessment for each NECP. Portugal submitted its NECP in December 2019. More than half (57%) of Portuguese people expect national governments to tackle climate change. Portugal generates 1.8 % of the EU's total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In 2019, the carbon intensity of Portugal's ...

This document compares key figures included in the 2021 Draft Budgetary Plans (DBPs), as submitted by the Euro Area Member States by mid of October 2020, with those of the autumn 2020 forecasts by the European Commission (EC) and the key figures included in the 2020 Stability Programmes (SPs), as submitted by the Euro Area Member States by end of April 2020, with the those of the 2020 spring forecasts by the EC. The DBPs and the SPs are available on the Commission homepage (here: DBPs and SPs ). ...

The purpose of this document is to show the differences between some key indicators of the 2018 Stability Programmes (SP) of the Euro Area Member States and the spring 2018 forecast of the European Commission (EC). In accordance with Article 4 of Council Directive 2011/85/EU, the budgetary planning of the Member States “shall be based on the most likely macrofiscal scenario or on a more prudent scenario. (…). Significant dif¬fe¬ren¬ces between the chosen macrofiscal scenario and the (most recent) ...