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EU integration represents an inspiring example of conflict resolution. Some 30 years of violent sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland was brought to an end in 1998, with the signature of the Good Friday/Belfast Agreement. At the time, both the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland were Member States of the European Union, having both joined the European Communities on 1 January 1973. The EU's engagement in the Northern Ireland peace process materialised first through support for the International Fund ...

The Windsor Framework

In sintesi 10-03-2023

The Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland is an integral part of the 2020 EU-UK Withdrawal Agreement and was designed to avoid the need for a hard border on the island of Ireland. Implementation of the Protocol has been marred by rising tensions and political challenges, and both parties, particularly since Rishi Sunak became UK Prime Minister, have sought to address the main problems. The new agreement, called the Windsor Framework, seeks to improve the trading rules for Northern Ireland, bring stability ...

The government of the United Kingdom (UK) introduced the 'Northern Ireland Protocol bill' in the House of Commons on 13 June 2022. If enacted, the bill provides that certain provisions of the Northern Ireland Protocol would no longer 'have effect in the UK'. The main fields concerned are i) customs and movement of goods, ii) regulation of goods, iii) State aid, and iv) application of EU law. On 15 June, the EU relaunched the infringement procedure against the UK for failing to properly implement ...

On 5 May 2022, voters elected the members of the Northern Ireland Assembly (NIA) in a challenging political context, due among other things to differences over the Northern Ireland Protocol. Indeed, the largest unionist party in Northern Ireland strongly opposes the Protocol, and has blocked the work of Northern Ireland's political institutions pending changes in its operation. The UK government has reiterated its readiness to 'unilaterally dis-apply' the Protocol and/or to suspend it – putting forward ...

A commemorative bust of John Hume (1937-2020) – awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998 for his tireless efforts to bring peace to his native Northern Ireland – was unveiled in the European Parliament in Strasbourg on Tuesday 7 June 2022. Having served as an MEP from 1979 to 2004, John Hume understood the European Parliament as a forum in which to raise attention to the problems of Northern Ireland and build European support for resolving the conflict. And it was also – with a measure of seclusion ...

Throughout his life, John Hume (1937-2020) sought to improve the circumstances of the people of Northern Ireland, beginning in his home city of Derry (Londonderry to its unionist residents). Born just a decade and a half after partition, and in a city whose hinterland had been divided by the border, he naturally wished for the unification of Ireland. But he saw that that could not be achieved without realistic plans, nor without a partnership between the two major communities in Northern Ireland, ...

On 3 March 2021, the United Kingdom (UK) Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Brandon Lewis, announced in a written statement to the UK Parliament, and without consulting the European Union (EU) in advance, that the grace period on border controls on a series of food and live products shipped from Great Britain to Northern Ireland would be extended. This meant that products of animal origin, composite products, food and feed of non-animal origin and plants and plant products could continue being ...

The United Kingdom (UK) withdrew from the European Union (EU) on 1 February 2020. The Withdrawal Agreement, which entered into force on 1 February 2020, provides for a transition period during which the UK will remain in the EU's single market and customs union until 1 January 2021. The Withdrawal Agreement also includes a Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland, which states that Northern Ireland will be part of the UK's customs territory and internal market after the transition, but that goods originating ...

On 9 September 2020, the United Kingdom (UK) government tabled a bill in the House of Commons which would govern the country's internal market after the Brexit transition period ends. It aims to allow goods and services to flow freely between the four jurisdictions of the UK – England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland – replacing the rules now in place through membership of the EU's single market. Certain parts of this UK Internal Market Bill are particularly controversial, as they explicitly ...

There is now growing doubt about possible progress on future relations between the European Union and the United Kingdom. The British Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, has tabled a bill on the internal market within the country, which contains provisions relating to the border between Northen Ireland and the rest of the UK that violate the agreement on Britain’s withdrawal from the EU, and would thus constitute a breach of international law. The European Parliament has already indicated that it would ...