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Geothermal energy in the EU

Briefing 26-10-2023

Geothermal energy is heat generated within the Earth's crust. It is used mainly for electricity generation, district heating and industrial processes. Several geothermal technologies exist, at different levels of maturity. Heat is usually extracted from the ground using heat pumps to power district heating systems, or used directly to heat builidngs. Electricity generation uses the heat stored underground, converting it to electrical power. The three main technologies for electricity generation are ...

This paper has been produced by the European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS) to assist the ITRE committee in its work on the implementation report on the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) as part of the Fit for 55 package. It aims to provide a succinct overview of publicly available material on the implementation, application and effectiveness to date of the EPBD, drawing input from EU institutions and bodies and from external organisations. It takes a thematic approach with ...

Cities have a crucial role to play in addressing the climate change challenge and delivering on the ambitions of the Paris Agreement. In the European Union (EU), where nearly three quarters of the population live in urban areas, many cities are leading the way in this regard, taking action in three areas central to increasing energy efficiency and reducing emissions – namely, buildings, energy supply, and transport – and acting as living laboratories of climate-change-related innovation. The EU supports ...

This report summarises the presentations and discussions made during a workshop on ‘The Potential of Electricity Demand Response’ organised on 30 May 2017 by Policy Department A for the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE). The aim of the workshop was to highlight the role and potential of electricity demand response in achieving the EU energy and climate policy targets, to illustrate the current experiences and progress towards deployment of demand response across the EU and to identify ...

Can new technologies contribute to a revival of wood as a source for biomass and construction material, and play a leading role in the fight against climate change? Wood has been part of human civilisation for many thousands of years, playing a key role as fuel or construction material, as well as a material for the manufacture of furniture, machinery, means of transport and everyday objects.

Renovation of buildings is key to meet the EU’s energy efficiency targets. This paper reviews the literature on the state of the building stock and assesses various policy options and their potential for boosting the energy efficient renovation of buildings in Europe. This document has been commissioned by Policy Department A at the request of the Committee on Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE) of the European Parliament.

The EU Heating and Cooling Strategy, which is part of the European Commission's Sustainable Energy Security Package, presents a vision for an EU which has decarbonised buildings and industry, maximises the use of energy released from waste heat and cold in industry, and encourages district heating. Although the strategy does not announce any new legislative proposals, it presents some steps the European Commission may consider in the process of revising existing energy legislation, both to improve ...

Biomass is a renewable energy source which can be used to produce electricity, heat and transport fuels. It accounts for roughly two thirds of renewable energy in the European Union (EU). Although biomass can come from many different sources, wood is by far the most common. Under EU legislation, biomass is carbon neutral, based on the assumption that the carbon released when solid biomass is burned will be re-absorbed during tree growth. Current EU policies provide incentives to use biomass for power ...

The workshop looked at best practice examples in Members States and the cost of implementation of various measures to improve energy efficiency. It focused on three main topics: energy efficiency obligations schemes, the potential, costs and difficulties with the proposed 3% renovation rate for public buildings and the promotion of combined heat and power (CHP).