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This report reviews the market trends for the development of digital networks and applications for 2020 and beyond and, on that basis, proposes a framework for an optimal regulation for telecommunications services in the European Union. Against that framework, the report then critically assesses the draft European Electronic Communications Code proposed by the Commission in September 2016. We submit that the Commission’s proposal goes in the right direction but in not ambitious enough to protect ...

In the aftermath of the UK’s vote to leave the EU, securing continued access to each other’s markets will be one of the key issues to be addressed in the exit negotiations. This paper examines how the current EU financial services legislation ensures or facilitates access to the EU single financial market for EU/EEA Member States and third countries. The analysis focuses on passporting/mutual recognition regimes for EU/EEA Member States and third country equivalence regimes. This document was provided ...

In 2015 the Council and European Parliament agreed in Regulation 2015/2120 that on 15 June 2017 roaming charges for mobile phone use would be abolished in the EU. After that date, 'roam like at home' (RLAH) would become a reality for all Europeans. The regulation did not, however, address the wholesale roaming market, on account of the need to investigate market conditions in more depth. A review for the European Commission concluded that national wholesale roaming markets are not working well and ...

The Roaming Regulation has contributed to ongoing efforts to achieve a Connected Continent and a well-functioning EU Digital Single Market. Through various amendments to the initial 2007 Roaming Regulation, the Commission and co-legislators have gradually reduced surcharges for making and receiving voice calls, sending and receiving SMS messages and using data on a mobile phone while in another EU Member State. European Commission estimates indicate that total savings for EU consumers between 2009 ...

Unfair trade practices imposed by the stronger party to a contract can have a profound impact on the functioning of the market, increasing costs and reducing revenues of the parties that experience them. This background paper reviews unfair trade practices that can appear on any side of the B2B (Business-to-Business ) transaction, in any sector of the market. Recently unfair trading practices have been of particular interest to the EU in relation to food supply chains. Briefing concludes that any ...

In this briefing, we assess the role of intermediaries and wholesalers in international trade based on the existing theory and empirical evidence. In all countries examined, a relevant share of international trade (on average more than 10%) occurs through intermediaries. Especially small and less efficient firms can export thanks to the presence of intermediaries operating on a larger scale and exploiting economies of scale. Intermediaries therefore can increase the amount of exports and the extent ...

This paper examines the possible effects of current changes in financial markets on job creation and growth potential in the European Community. The first part analyses developments in the wholesale and the retail markets. The second focuses on the creation of a sound risk capital market in order to boost employment in Europe.