Fittex

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The Russian invasion has caused huge destruction of life and property in Ukraine. Reconstruction will be a long and costly process, and the EU and others are already marshalling funds for this effort. Some EU leaders have expressed support for using frozen Russian central bank (RCB) funds towards reconstruction, but it is unclear if this will actually happen. There are recent examples of sovereign assets being confiscated and used to compensate victims of injustice, but the confiscation of Russia's ...

This study examines how contemporary welfare state policies address the issues of inequality and poverty both between and within EU Member States. It combines quantitative and qualitative analysis to show the strong links between inequality and poverty, not only in statistical terms, but also in terms of wealth distribution, intergenerational mobility and labour market dynamics. Welfare states are discussed in a multidimensional way, covering traditional welfare state policies on social protection ...

Sustainability in the age of geopolitics

Mad-Daqqa t’Għajn 25-07-2022

In 2006, Jeffrey Sachs wrote that sustainability had replaced the Cold War as the dominant theme of global politics. He defined the 'geopolitics of sustainability' as a new approach to governance, which recognised the ecological underpinnings of war, terror and corruption, and sought to find solutions to these problems. Since then, sustainability has become a megatrend, intensively discussed in the media, the corporate world, and the expert community. Governments (particularly in the European Union ...

Accounting for about one quarter of global primary energy supply, coal is used mainly for power generation, heating, and in industries such as iron, steel and cement manufacturing. It provides almost 40 % of global electricity production and is responsible for over 40 % of energy-related CO2 emissions. While the global use of coal is driven by emerging economies in Asia, the West – and Europe in particular – is seeing a sharp decline in coal use because of air pollution, climate policies and, in ...

Risk management: Anticipating future shocks

Mad-Daqqa t’Għajn 19-05-2022

Recent events again demonstrate that governance must take account not just of desired outcomes, but also of worst case scenarios. The challenge of identifying and responding to high-level and interconnected risks can be assisted by close examination of private sector routines on risk management, and of the insights of risk monitoring reports. This is a concise summary of a review of risk literature conducted as part of the inaugural EPRS Future Shocks report.

'Speak up for democracy.' That was one of the conclusions of a wide-ranging discussion on threats to democracy at the 2021 ESPAS conference. Insecurity about rapid changes has undermined trust, and inequalities – also across generations – have been further accelerated by the pandemic. Remedies discussed include stronger civic education, efforts to reinforce the social contract and improve social cohesion, and measures to protect the integrity of elections. There were also calls to strengthen the ...

Serious and organised crime inflict huge costs on both the EU economy and society. Organised crime is an increasingly dynamic and complex phenomenon, as it has become more interconnected, transnational and digital. The Covid-19 pandemic has led to an increase in cybercrime, fraud and counterfeiting. Police and judicial actions and the effective implementation of existing EU instruments are critical in tackling this challenge. New strategies to disrupt the business models and structures of criminal ...

The future of climate migration

Mad-Daqqa t’Għajn 24-03-2022

Climate change is threatening to displace millions of people, creating new migrant flows also across borders. The EU has a leading role in reducing global warming, mitigating its effects, improving knowledge about consequences for vulnerable populations, and working with partners to build resilience. Success depends not just on adopting forward-looking strategies, but also on adequate resources and effective implementation.

The modalities of financing the green transition, the need to maintain social justice, and the particular challenges facing Africa were among the themes addressed in a wide ranging discussion on how to 'build back better', at the 2021 ESPAS conference.

Since 1970, Japan has developed a world-leading capacity for foresight. At the outset, the focus was on technology and socio-economic development. Broader geopolitical and security aspects have become more pronounced in the past decade. Concerns about global political changes have given rise to an enhanced strategic partnership between Japan and the European Union. Common challenges include shifts in global economic power, the emergence of China, and uncertainties around the United States' international ...