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SMEs will play a key role in the green transition, especially in improving the energy efficiency of housing. Innovative financing models in this sector would contribute towards achieving the ‘Fit for 55’ goals, as well as support the business environment of the SMEs that will implement a myriad of small energy improvement projects.

Housing costs make up a significant part of households' final consumption expenditures. However, these costs are only partially captured by the inflation indicator on which the European Central Bank (ECB) bases its monetary policy decisions. While the costs of paying rent feed into the harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP) – the indicator used to assess the achievement of the ECB's price stability objective – the costs of living in a home owned by the occupier do not. Instead, only expenditure ...

The harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP) is the measure used by the European Central Bank (ECB) to define its price stability target and guide policy. As such, it needs to relate closely to the actual inflation that households in the euro area are experiencing. Housing costs, an important part of household expenditures, are currently included in the HICP index through rental costs and only some minor elements of owner-occupied housing (OOH) costs. In July 2021, the ECB Governing Council recommended ...

This publication analyses the current situation and key challenges with regard to housing affordability in the EU, as well as policies to ensure access to affordable housing at national and EU levels. After assessing the key trends, the authors also provide recommendations for policy makers and stakeholders on improving the affordability of housing. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the committee on Employment ...

This study analyses the current situation and key challenges with regard to housing affordability in the EU, as well as policies to ensure access to affordable housing at national and EU levels. After assessing the key trends, the authors also provide recommendations for policy makers and stakeholders on improving the affordability of housing. This document was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies at the request of the committee on Employment and ...

Financial Stability Risks and Policy Options

Uitgebreide analyse 15-01-2020

We pay special attention to the different types of financial risk discussed in the public debate: equity, housing, corporate debt, public debt sustainability, and banks and insurance companies’ profits. Our assessment does not point to significant risks in the euro area even if attention should be drawn on some local or specific market segments. Even if monetary policy may not be the most appropriate tool to dampen these risks, the ECB has still some policy options to respond to an economic slowdown ...

Fire safety in the home

Briefing 26-05-2011

The UK and Ireland have stricter fire-resistance standards than the rest of the EU. These standards save lives, but other Member States are wary of the excessive use of flame-retardant chemicals.

Impact of the Crisis on the Real Economy

Uitgebreide analyse 12-01-2010

This crisis came about because a bubble burst. Keeping this in mind leads to important considerations : 1) Europe (and in particular the Euro area) exhibited the same pre-crisis or ‘bubble symptoms’ (house price increase, excess credit growth) as the US. 2) The impact of the crisis on the real economy should be assessed on the basis of changes in unemployment and consumption (rather than only in GDP). A ‘happiness’ indicator, based on these two variables, has behaved in a quite different way across ...

Poverty is a very real evil, even if it is difficult to define and measure. There are ways of combating poverty – by improving food security, by allowing the poor access to certain types of capital goods like housing and by encouraging social mobility through education and health services. Poverty is often associated with overpopulation. However the relationship between demography and poverty is complex and action to combat poverty is one of the solutions that could be envisaged for reestablishing ...