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Two European Union (EU) directives regulate the EU collective investment funds industry: the Directive relating to undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (UCITS) and the Alternative Investment Funds Manager Directive (AIFMD). The UCITS Directive, which covers mutual funds, lays down uniform rules, allowing them to be offered cross-border, while the AIFMD, which covers hedge funds and private equity, lays down the rules for authorising, supervising and overseeing the managers ...

This study examines the management of Contract Agents in seven decentralised Agencies of the European Union: ECHA, EEA, EIGE, ENISA, ESMA, Eurofound and Europol. It evaluates the evolution of Contract Agents as part of the workforce, and presents findings on processes related to personnel budgeting, recruitment and retention, salary and remuneration, and advancement prospects for contract staff. This document was prepared by the Policy Department at the request of the Committee on Budgetary Control ...

This study investigates the role of financial actors, such as banks and investors, in the EU Emissions Trading System and their role in determining price dynamics and volatility. It concludes that activities on the market should be further monitored and data availability and quality improved. While further regulation of market participants may become necessary in the future, it is, at this stage, more important to focus on improving the Market Stability Reserve (MSR).

Initial coin offerings (ICOs) are a relatively new method of raising capital for early-stage ventures. They allow businesses to raise capital for their projects, by issuing digital tokens in exchange for crypto assets or fiat currencies. They constitute an alternative to more traditional sources of start-up funding such as venture capital (VC) and angel finance. ICOs can potentially offer advantages in comparison with traditional ways of raising capital. At the same time, their opacity and the general ...

This briefing gives an update on and summarises recent events and developments in the Banking Union, based on publicly available information. The following topics are specifically addressed: recent ECB banking supervision publications (the Targeted Review of Internal Models Project Report, the ECB annual report on supervisory activities and the most recent supervisory statistics); the recent SRB guidance on bail-in for international debt securities; risks and vulnerabilities in the financial sector ...

This paper updates and summarises earlier briefings on the Wirecard case, ahead of a public hearing on 23 March organised by the JURI and ECON Committees of the European Parliament. It also describes the most recent developments on the basis of information available in the public domain.

This briefing provides a summary of ESMA’s Fast-Track Peer-Review (FTPR), published on 3 November 2020. ESMA carried out an assessment of the effectiveness of the supervisory response in the financial reporting area by BaFin and FREP in the context of Wirecard AG fraud case.

This briefing gives an update on recent events and developments in the Banking Union, based on publicly available information. The briefing summarises: 1) the main elements of two papers commissioned by ECON on the effectiveness of relaxing capital and liquidity buffers as crisis measures; 2) the most recent ECB Bank Lending Survey; 3) recent EBA publications (on anti-money laundering, sustainability, MREL-TLAC eligible instruments and the prudential treatment of legacy instruments); 4) the recent ...

Actions taken to create a capital markets union (CMU) should have as their objective improving the range of financing options offered to companies and citizens. The European Parliament's Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs has adopted an own-initiative report on further development of the CMU, expected to be voted during the October I plenary session. It calls for specific measures to help finance businesses, promote long-term and cross-border investment, strengthen market architecture and ...

This briefing provides an overview of the institutional macroprudential framework in the European Union (EU), distribution of powers and responsibilities and interactions between different institutions.