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Over the six decades during which the World Bank has been active in Europe, its engagement has evolved hand in hand with the development of the continent. Initially supporting reconstruction efforts after World War II, it later shifted the focus of its action to development support. In the past, as today, it has provided financing, knowledge and assistance to countries seeking to join the European Union. As a starting point in providing a deeper insight into how the World Bank contributes to the ...

Since the 2011 Arab revolutions, the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries (SEMCs) have been undergoing multiple transitions (political, social, cultural, religious, etc.). These revolutions have brought to light two main areas requiring action: the upgrading of infrastructures and the creation of jobs for the younger generation. Although the relationship between these countries and Europe is strong, it needs to be renewed. This renewal must be comprehensive and must focus on investment, joint ...

This study is a follow up to the 2011 study commissioned by the European Parliament’s Committee on Budgets "The implications of EIB and EBRD co-financing for the EU budget". It explores how the recommendations made in that earlier study have been taken up by the actors within the EU institutions, evaluates how far changes have been implemented which are in line with the proposals contained within that report and reflects on how visible EP studies are in general. It finds that although visibility ...

Recent years have seen the growth of a number of EU co-financing instruments designed to enhance the leverage of the EU budget by working more closely with the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. However, the growth of such instruments raises potential concerns in relation to financial control and liability, in relation to governance, transparency and visibility and in relation to the extent to which such activity helps the deliverability of EU objectives ...