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The IA provides a convincing justification for revising the CSD Regulation. The analysis, both qualitative and quantitative, is based on the targeted evaluation of the existing CSD Regulation, targeted stakeholder consultation and various data sources (ESMA). However, the IA would have benefited from a more detailed description of the problems, the policy options, and the stakeholder consultation, including the consultation results. Moreover, views of stakeholder groups on the policy options and ...

EU cooperation with Greenland

Briefing 11-04-2019

The overall aim of the European Union-Greenland Partnership Agreement is to boost ties and cooperation between the EU and Greenland, with education and training as one of several key areas of cooperation. As part of the partnership, and taking Greenland's needs into account, the focal point of EU-Greenland financial cooperation is education and training, with a special emphasis on boosting the pre-school and elementary school system, as well as on providing support for vocational education and post-elementary ...

China, the 16+1 format and the EU

Briefing 07-09-2018

Since 2012, China has engaged 16 central and eastern European countries (CEECs), including 11 EU Member States and five Western Balkan countries under the 16+1 cooperation format, which it has portrayed as an innovative approach to regional cooperation. Although framed as multilateralism, in practice this format has remained largely bilateral and highly competitive in nature. While in 2012 the CEECs had enthusiastically embraced this form of cooperation as a chance to diversify their EU-focused economic ...

The briefing summarises selected issues related to ECB direct banking supervision for a Banking Union Working group meeting.

The 16+1 sub-regional cooperation format brings together China and 16 central and eastern European countries (CEECs), consisting of 11 EU Member States and five EU candidate countries. The format is controversial, given the concerns expressed about arrangements made under its umbrella being in conflict with EU law and about a perceived erosion of EU norms, values and unity. Nearly five years on from its creation, mutually satisfactory results still lag behind expectations.

This briefing is prepared in view of the joint CONT-ECON meeting on 13 February 2017 from 20:30 to 21:30 in Strasbourg (room WIC 200) on the European Court of Auditors' Special Report "Single Supervisory Mechanism – Good start but further improvements needed" of 18 November 2016.

The Single Resolution Mechanism, which started in January 2016, must ensure that even the largest, most interconnected and complex bank in the euro area can fail. One critical element to make this feasible is enhancing the resolvability of banks. Systemic banking groups are in general highly complex institutions composed of many different legal entities that are interconnected not only in a juridical sense but also operationally and financially. To carry out this analysis, the author assessed the ...

The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, nowadays known as the World Bank, was conceived to help rebuild European countries devastated by the Second World War. Since then, through various reforms, its mission has evolved and its scope and staff increased significantly. Nowadays, the World Bank Group consists of five institutions (IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA and ICSID), each with a particular mode of organisation and a specific scope and mission. The institution and its role have evolved ...