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The OSCE's origins go back to 1975, when the countries in the two opposing blocs in the Cold War signed the Helsinki Final Act, enshrining principles such as territorial integrity and respect for human rights. The act was followed by a series of follow-up meetings to monitor implementation, in a process known as the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE). Following the adoption of the 1990 Paris Charter envisaging a new post-Cold War European order, in 1995 the CSCE was put on a ...

For more than 20 years, this frozen conflict has opposed Azerbaijan on the one side and the self-proclaimed Nagorno-Karabakh authorities and Armenia on the other side. The Nagorno-Karabakh enclave in Azerbaijan, mainly populated by Armenians, declared its independence in September 1991. The non-recognition by Azerbaijan of this proclamation prompted a full-scale military conflict resulting in the de facto autonomy of Nagorno-Karabakh and the occupation of seven Azerbaijani districts after the 1994 ...

Terrorism continues to present one of the main challenges to international stability. Despite political agreement that terrorist threat needs to be addressed jointly by the whole international community, a number of obstacles persist, including disagreements over the definition of terrorism. This latter poses a significant impediment for research on terrorism and only a few institutions have undertaken this difficult task. According to the existing data, the number of terrorist attacks in 2014 was ...

The rapid advance of the terrorist group ISIL/Da'esh in Iraq and Syria during the summer of 2014 and its stated expansionist goals has convinced the region and the entire world of the imminent security threat that the group represents. As large parts of Iraqi and Syrian territory are now under ISIL/Da'esh control, and as the group is expanding its influence over armed groups in several countries in the Middle East and North Africa, the United States (US) has led efforts to create a global coalition ...

Proceedings of the Workshop on the security situation of Nagorno Karabakh, held on 20 June 2012 in Brussel.

The negotiations on the Iranian nuclear programme between Iran and the P5+1 group (the five permanent members of the UN Security Council and Germany), which resumed in Moscow on 18 and 19 June 2012, have failed to produce a deal. Iran reiterated its right do develop nuclear energy under the Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT) without further limitations. On the other hand, the P5+1 countries held to their aim of curtailing Iran's enrichment activities. The two parties failed even to agree on a new round ...

Lebanon currently faces a dual challenge. On the one hand it must ensure a stable governance to allow durable recovery of the country. On the other hand, it should push through urgent comprehensive political and economic reforms. Achieving these results inside the country, would also help the overall stability of the region. Conversely, the internal stability depends heavily on the Middle East Peace Process and the situation in the region. A prerequisite for Lebanon to take up its challenges is linked ...