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This briefing provides a summary of all scrutiny activities of the European Parliament related to euro area monetary policy in the period between June 2023 and September 2023. These summaries are published regularly after each Monetary Dialogue (MD) with the European Central Bank (ECB). For a recap of the key monetary policy developments and decisions taken by the ECB’s Governing Council in that period, please refer to our briefing ahead of the 25 September 2023 MD.

The March 2018 presidential elections were a resounding victory for Vladimir Putin. Since then, however, an unpopular decision to raise the retirement age by five years has cost him some of his support and triggered a wave of protests. In summer 2019, Moscow saw the biggest anti-government rallies for several years over the authorities' decision to exclude independent, 'non-system' opposition candidates from local elections. Even though the decision was upheld, Putin allies struggled to hold onto ...

'Helicopter money', or 'helicopter drops' of money, generally refers to a non-standard monetary policy tool used in deflationary conditions. It can be understood as a permanent increase in the nominal stock of fiat base money at lowest nominal interest rates. Some experts call for its use in the euro area, arguing that the interest-free distribution of additional money to the private sector would increase consumption and investments, and help jump-start the EU economy. In practical terms, there are ...

Several years after the Great Recession began, the euro area is still far from fully recovered. The international economic and financial crisis has pushed down investment levels within the EU by about 15% from their peak in 2007. Even though the near-term prospects seem brighter, high unemployment persists in many Member States. Some experts argue that the euro area, alongside Japan and the United States, is facing 'secular stagnation', a long-term economic stagnation characterised by a shrinking ...

The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) is returning to power after three years. The results signal a sharp rejection of the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), which has governed only since 2009. These were the first general elections held since Japan's 2011 'triple disaster'. After 54 years of almost unbroken rule, Japan's LDP government was ousted in 2009. Successive DPJ governments were unable to keep their campaign promises. Frequently shifting governments have not overcome Japan's prolonged political ...