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At a time when global and cross-border crises are highlighting the interconnections between health, environment, peace, food security and energy sufficiency, notions such as externalities, public goods and biodiversity boundaries are gaining renewed interest, as a strong grasp of the various aspects of challenging situations becomes essential to help frame policy responses. The notion of externalities is about asking whether all elements have been accounted for in price setting. When this is not ...

This briefing provides an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the European Commission's impact assessment (IA) accompanying Commission proposals to strengthen digital operational resilience in the EU, which are part of the digital finance package. The IA would have benefited from a more balanced set of options, and it would have been useful to further clarify the arguments supporting the choice between options 2 and 3. The assessment of social impacts is very limited, and the competitiveness ...

Aviation is a strategically important sector of the EU economy, contributing €110 billion directly and €300 billion indirectly to EU GDP, and employing around 1.9 million persons directly. If impacts on other industries such as tourism are taken into account, then it can be said that aviation supports up to 9 million jobs. These jobs are not evenly spread across the EU: three quarters of air transport employment is centred in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy and the Netherlands. ...

What are the pros and cons of involving external auditors in banking supervision? The aim of this paper is to shed light on the relationship between the quality of banking supervision and the involvement of external auditors, considering the potential benefits and costs.

This report, provided by Policy Department A for the Committee on Employment and Social Affairs, summarises the results of the project “Wage Dispersion in the European Union”. It has three objectives: first, to describe the recent evolution of wage dispersion across EU member states using different definitions of labour earnings and inequality measures; second, to analyse the relationship between wage dispersion and labour market institutions related to collective bargaining and minimum wages taking ...