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The United Nations' Minamata Convention on mercury was agreed in 2013 with a view to protecting human health and the environment from the adverse effects of mercury. Although mercury use has declined significantly in recent decades, mercury released into the air, water and land remains a serious threat to human health and the environment. Once emitted into the air or water, mercury can travel over long distances, which makes it a global problem. Current EU policy bans exports of mercury, provides ...

South Africa's continental leadership is increasingly under pressure, seen for example in the fact that Nigeria became Africa's largest economy in 2014. South Africa still maintains its lead in the mining, car-making and financial services sectors, and is a well-functioning democracy. However, its material basis of power is shrinking, in particular because of a net slowdown in economic growth in the wake of the global financial crisis. A volatile international economic environment and internal structural ...

Mineral-rich countries afflicted by conflicts may face a vicious circle, under which revenue from illegally extracted resources feed armed revolts. To break this link, international organisations and the European Parliament have called for the setting up of due-diligence systems for firms in the mining supply chain. The Commission submitted in March 2014 a proposal instituting a voluntary due-diligence system aimed at importers and upstream producers of tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold (hereafter ...

The present study examines the human rights impacts of the extractive industries on indigenous peoples worldwide. It finds that there continue to be significant human rights risks associated with mining, oil and gas extraction falling disproportionately on indigenous peoples. It argues that the growing demand for non-renewable resources and the need to explore and exploit resources in ever more invasive ways suggest that such activities are likely to impinge even more on the lands of indigenous communities ...

In 2003, the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) was launched as a voluntary multi-stakeholder initiative for the extractive industries, bringing together governments, industry and civil society. Its main objective has been to create a global transparency standard which allows light to be shed on all payments made by extractive-industry companies to governments of resource-rich developing countries, and to cross-check all revenues received by these governments from the industry.

In recent years, domestic revenue mobilisation in developing countries gained increasing prominence in the policy debate. Several factors explain this, including the potential benefits of taxation for statebuilding; independence from foreign aid; the fiscal effects of trade liberalisation; the financial and debt crisis in the “West”; and the acute financial needs of developing countries. Governments in developing countries face great challenges in mobilising tax revenues, which result in a gap ...

Greenland, a self-governing territory within the Kingdom of Denmark and one of the Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs) associated with the EU, faces major challenges. New opportunities have arisen thanks to Greenland's rich resources of critical raw materials which are becoming increasingly more accessible due to climate change.

The negative external effects of profit orientated businesses on the environment and society are most visible and destructive in developing countries, where compensation measures for adversely affected groups rarely exist and where high corruption rates often impede meaningful enforcement of existing legislation. But what role can Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) play in developing countries? How can CSR be generally strengthened by EU policies to contribute to the achievement of sustainability ...

The optimism that Guineans and their international partners felt two and a half years ago, when the country's junta was replaced by an elected president, has largely given way to frustration and confrontation. The organisation of the long-overdue legislative elections has become the central source of disagreement between the government and the opposition, and protests have grown increasingly violent. Despite international mediation, cross-party dialogue is almost non-existent, and the growing tension ...

The EU mining industry may be part of the solution to Europe's raw material shortage, but limiting the environmental footprint of mining is a key requirement if it is to be revived.