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This briefing paper was prepared ahead of the Monetary Dialogue between the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) and the European Central Bank (ECB) President on Thursday, 15 February. It provides a summary of key monetary policy developments and decisions taken by the ECB’s Governing Council. This is the last Monetary Dialogue of the 9th legislative term.

The ECB in the age of turbulence

Djupanalys 14-02-2024

This study discusses the ECB’s response to the recent crises, detailing interventions, new tools, and strategy shifts. It evaluates the effects of such crises on inflation expectations and financial stability across major European economies, offering insights into the euro area’s policy dynamics and challenges. This document was provided by the Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit at the request of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) ahead of the Monetary Dialogue with the ...

Over the past 25 years, the euro faced various crises, prompting a reassessment of its governance. Concerns arise regarding the ECB's exposure to risk and the necessity of deep reforms for managing growing ecological, financial, and geo-economic risks. Despite initial achievements like the banking union, challenges persist, such as financial instability and economic fragmentation. Policymakers must address these risks through enhanced monetary and macroprudential policies, fiscal coordination, and ...

This paper considers the past, present, and future of the ECB monetary policy. Looking backwards, the ECB has succeeded in navigating through several crises. Looking forward, the paper examines some of the main challenges confronting the ECB in the years ahead with climate change, digitalisation, inequality, sovereign indebtedness, and the completion of Banking Union complicating the pursuit of the price stability primary objective. This document was provided by the Economic Governance and EMU ...

The euro has proved to be remarkably resilient and is popular with the EU’s citizens. This paper reviews the reasons for this and argues that the euro project is more resilient now due to several institutional changes. It also discusses how the ECB’s monetary policy has evolved over time, its policy stance in recent years and some of the ways in which it may need to change in the future. This document was provided by the Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit at the request of the Committee on ...

The age of reason?

Djupanalys 01-02-2024

At age 25, the euro has been a historical success, but it has not yet reached an adult stage. The ECB has made much progress and can do more on its own. Its next monetary policy strategy, to be announced in 2025, is an opportunity that should not be missed. Much more is needed from member governments, which are still reluctant to grant the ECB what it needs to become a normal central bank. This document was provided by the Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit at the request of the Committee ...

Instant payments in euro

Kort sammanfattning 31-01-2024

To ensure affordable, secure instant payments in euro that conform to rules on sanctions and financial crime, the European Commission proposed a regulation in October 2022. The new rules would mean citizens and businesses would pay standard transfer prices for instant money transfers. A provisional political agreement reached between the Parliament and Council is scheduled for vote during the February I plenary session.

This briefing summarises the conclusions of the ECB’s investigation phase and gives an overview of the recent legislative proposals from the Commission. It also discusses the ECB’s legal opinion, highlighting where the ECB has concerns with the legislative proposals. These concerns chiefly result from perceived intrusions by the legislation into the ECB’s monetary policy competences. Finally, the briefing points out open questions and tentative answers, including on the delineation of competences ...

Digital euro package

Briefing 18-09-2023

A digital euro can be understood as central bank money offered in digital form for citizens and businesses to be used for their retail payments. It would be a central bank digital currency (CBDC) –an electronic equivalent to cash, complementing banknotes and coins – and the central motivation to develop a CBDC can be explained by the increasing digitalisation of financial services. Banknotes and coins, currently the only public money, are considered the ultimate anchor of the financial system. However ...

The study argues in favour of the introduction of a digital euro because of its benefits for the public’s store of value and cashless payment options. It questions the assumption that caps on digital euro holdings would be necessary in the interest of financial stability and favours an approach that allows everyone unlimited access to digital euros.